of microorganisms. More so, the results of the biodegradative process showed that
the metabolic pathways, putative enzymes, genes programming enzymes and
metagenome were the most identified activities in the bacterial consortia over the
PE-PU-A co-polymer and the additives. In conclusion, the authors recommend
bacterial consortia gotten from landfill as the base candidate for the biodegradation
of xenobiotic residues and polyurethanes recalcitrant in the environment.
The impacts of plastic on benthic marine biogeochemical cycling and distribution
of organisms are currently gaining immense environmental attention. Pinnell and
Turner (2019) tested and evaluated the response of bacterial consortia to bioplastic
and plastic in marine benthic ecosystem using the metagenomic shotgun technique
in water–sediment boundary. The results of the study indicated that there was misty
comparison between the plastic biofilms and the control (ceramic biofilm). The most
dominated and distinct biofilms bioplastic was SRB (sulfur-reducing bacteria). The
results of the gene pools of the bioplastic showed that the process was enhanced by
many enzymes; dsrAB (dissimilatory sulfite reductases), aprBA (adenylyl sulfate
reductases), depolymerases, and esterases. In addition, about twice of 20 enhanced
genetically phenotypic different PHB (polyhydroxybutyrate) enzymes
(depolymerase) indicated that the bacterial consortia was evenly distributed. The
results of the metagenomic of the engineered genome, revealed two new species/
strains; Desulfobulbaceae and Desulfobacteraceae amid the SRB with their genome
consisting of both sulfur reduction and bioplastic degrading genes. The findings
from their study showed that there was a significant enhancement of the gene pools
and diversity of the bacterial consortia by the bioplastic. The authors in conclusion
stated that if pollution from plastic is transacted for pollution from bioplastic, there
will be a large sedimentary contributions, and the bacterial response might unknowingly impact the biogeochemical and benthic activities via the stimulation of
the SRB.
Chukwuma et al. (2012) in a review looked at the challenges and prospects in
using biotechnological tools for the sustainability of the environment. The authors
stated that for a sustainable ecosystem, the best way of controlling wastes is by
recycling them into useable forms, so that the living an nonliving factors of the
environment can maintain a healthy and esthetic steady state. This natural technique
is the best approach in removing harmful substances from the environment-biotools. The authors listed some bio-tools (biomass fuel production, bioremediation,
biofiltration, biosolvent/biodetergent, biocatalysis, bioleaching, biomonitoring, and
aquaculture management/treatment) currently used in mitigating pollutants in water,
sediment, and soil. In conclusion, the authors stated that bioenvironmental tools for
bioremediation are sustainable and the mechanism are closer to nature, efficient, and
faster than other conventional methods.
Roohi et al. (2017) did a review of the potential of enzymatic degrading bacteria
on plastics. The authors recounted the benefits (biomedical implants, garbage bags,
paper coating, and packaging) derived from the recycling and renewal of plastic
wastes. However, the increase in wastes from plastic production is alarming. the
breakdown of the bio-polymer is linked to the production of water molecules,
methane, carbon dioxide, and low-weight monomers. The authors in conclusion
364
C. O. Adetunji and O. A. Anani
the metabolic pathways, putative enzymes, genes programming enzymes and
metagenome were the most identified activities in the bacterial consortia over the
PE-PU-A co-polymer and the additives. In conclusion, the authors recommend
bacterial consortia gotten from landfill as the base candidate for the biodegradation
of xenobiotic residues and polyurethanes recalcitrant in the environment.
The impacts of plastic on benthic marine biogeochemical cycling and distribution
of organisms are currently gaining immense environmental attention. Pinnell and
Turner (2019) tested and evaluated the response of bacterial consortia to bioplastic
and plastic in marine benthic ecosystem using the metagenomic shotgun technique
in water–sediment boundary. The results of the study indicated that there was misty
comparison between the plastic biofilms and the control (ceramic biofilm). The most
dominated and distinct biofilms bioplastic was SRB (sulfur-reducing bacteria). The
results of the gene pools of the bioplastic showed that the process was enhanced by
many enzymes; dsrAB (dissimilatory sulfite reductases), aprBA (adenylyl sulfate
reductases), depolymerases, and esterases. In addition, about twice of 20 enhanced
genetically phenotypic different PHB (polyhydroxybutyrate) enzymes
(depolymerase) indicated that the bacterial consortia was evenly distributed. The
results of the metagenomic of the engineered genome, revealed two new species/
strains; Desulfobulbaceae and Desulfobacteraceae amid the SRB with their genome
consisting of both sulfur reduction and bioplastic degrading genes. The findings
from their study showed that there was a significant enhancement of the gene pools
and diversity of the bacterial consortia by the bioplastic. The authors in conclusion
stated that if pollution from plastic is transacted for pollution from bioplastic, there
will be a large sedimentary contributions, and the bacterial response might unknowingly impact the biogeochemical and benthic activities via the stimulation of
the SRB.
Chukwuma et al. (2012) in a review looked at the challenges and prospects in
using biotechnological tools for the sustainability of the environment. The authors
stated that for a sustainable ecosystem, the best way of controlling wastes is by
recycling them into useable forms, so that the living an nonliving factors of the
environment can maintain a healthy and esthetic steady state. This natural technique
is the best approach in removing harmful substances from the environment-biotools. The authors listed some bio-tools (biomass fuel production, bioremediation,
biofiltration, biosolvent/biodetergent, biocatalysis, bioleaching, biomonitoring, and
aquaculture management/treatment) currently used in mitigating pollutants in water,
sediment, and soil. In conclusion, the authors stated that bioenvironmental tools for
bioremediation are sustainable and the mechanism are closer to nature, efficient, and
faster than other conventional methods.
Roohi et al. (2017) did a review of the potential of enzymatic degrading bacteria
on plastics. The authors recounted the benefits (biomedical implants, garbage bags,
paper coating, and packaging) derived from the recycling and renewal of plastic
wastes. However, the increase in wastes from plastic production is alarming. the
breakdown of the bio-polymer is linked to the production of water molecules,
methane, carbon dioxide, and low-weight monomers. The authors in conclusion
364
C. O. Adetunji and O. A. Anani