mass spectrometry revealed the presence of acids, alcohols, and esters, which
indicated the presence of oxidation reaction happening on the surface of the polyethylene film that was inoculated with the Enterobacter sp. D1. Their study showed
the biodegradative potential of Enterobacter sp. D1, most especially the several
materials containing polyethylene film.
Patil (2018) evaluated the degradative capability of some microorganisms utilizing opaque techniques for fungi and bacteria. The preliminary evaluation established
using opaque showed that two fungal and four bacterial species which were utilized
for further investigation. The typical examples of the bacterial strain isolated with
biodegradation potential include Pseudomonas fluorescens, Bacillus amylolyticus,
Pseudomonas putida, and Bacillus firmus. These strains were utilized for their
biodegradative potential on commercial polythene carry bags of low-density polyethylene for a period of 30 days in a shaker culture when performed in a laboratory
condition, utilizing weight determination techniques. It was established that Bacillus
sp. obtained from garbage soil showed a biodegradability potential of 32%.
Muhonja et al. (2018) utilized fungi and bacteria that possess the capability to
degrade low-density polyethylene. The extent of the biodegradation of low-density
polyethylene using fungi and bacteria from various sampling sites of dumpsite in
Dandora was assessed under laboratory condition. The experiment was carried out
using low-density polyethylene under the incubation period of 28 days at 37
C for
fungi, and bacteria for a period of 16 weeks using a rotatory shaker. The level of
biodegradation was assessed using GC-MS and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The analysis using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy showed the presence of new functional group as a result of hydrocarbon degradation from bacterial
and fungal. The molecular characterization of the best strain responsible for the
biodegradation of low-density polyethylene was carried out using 18SrDNA and
16S rDNA sequences for fungi and bacteria, respectively. The following bacterial
strains
which
entail
Brevibacillus,
Lysinibacillus,
Pseudomonas,
Cellulosimicrobium, and Bacillus while genus Aspergillus was the only fungal strain
isolated as polyethylene degraders. The result obtained shows that fungi exhibited a
more biodegradative potential of polyethylene when compared to bacteria. The
maximum fungal degradation action was obtained in terms of weight reduction of
36.4 Æ 5.53% from Aspergillus oryzae strain A5 with accession number of
MG779508 while 20.28 Æ 2.30% was obtained from Brevibacillus borstelensis
strain B2,2 (MG645267) and Bacillus cereus strain A5 with accession number of
A5,a (MG645264). The result obtained shows that the following genus which
involves Brevibacillus, Aspergillus, and Bacillus are affirmed to possess a great
capability to biodegrade low-density polyethene. The Fourier transform infrared
spectroscopy analysis showed the presence of the following functional groups
such as carboxyl, ether, and aldehyde while ketone was detected as a transitional
product detected in the culture media. The authors suggested that their need to
establish the best optimum condition that favors the best microbial activity that
could enhance the biodegradation of plastic through the enzyme activity of microorganisms for their eventual commercial application.
356
C. O. Adetunji and O. A. Anani
indicated the presence of oxidation reaction happening on the surface of the polyethylene film that was inoculated with the Enterobacter sp. D1. Their study showed
the biodegradative potential of Enterobacter sp. D1, most especially the several
materials containing polyethylene film.
Patil (2018) evaluated the degradative capability of some microorganisms utilizing opaque techniques for fungi and bacteria. The preliminary evaluation established
using opaque showed that two fungal and four bacterial species which were utilized
for further investigation. The typical examples of the bacterial strain isolated with
biodegradation potential include Pseudomonas fluorescens, Bacillus amylolyticus,
Pseudomonas putida, and Bacillus firmus. These strains were utilized for their
biodegradative potential on commercial polythene carry bags of low-density polyethylene for a period of 30 days in a shaker culture when performed in a laboratory
condition, utilizing weight determination techniques. It was established that Bacillus
sp. obtained from garbage soil showed a biodegradability potential of 32%.
Muhonja et al. (2018) utilized fungi and bacteria that possess the capability to
degrade low-density polyethylene. The extent of the biodegradation of low-density
polyethylene using fungi and bacteria from various sampling sites of dumpsite in
Dandora was assessed under laboratory condition. The experiment was carried out
using low-density polyethylene under the incubation period of 28 days at 37
C for
fungi, and bacteria for a period of 16 weeks using a rotatory shaker. The level of
biodegradation was assessed using GC-MS and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The analysis using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy showed the presence of new functional group as a result of hydrocarbon degradation from bacterial
and fungal. The molecular characterization of the best strain responsible for the
biodegradation of low-density polyethylene was carried out using 18SrDNA and
16S rDNA sequences for fungi and bacteria, respectively. The following bacterial
strains
which
entail
Brevibacillus,
Lysinibacillus,
Pseudomonas,
Cellulosimicrobium, and Bacillus while genus Aspergillus was the only fungal strain
isolated as polyethylene degraders. The result obtained shows that fungi exhibited a
more biodegradative potential of polyethylene when compared to bacteria. The
maximum fungal degradation action was obtained in terms of weight reduction of
36.4 Æ 5.53% from Aspergillus oryzae strain A5 with accession number of
MG779508 while 20.28 Æ 2.30% was obtained from Brevibacillus borstelensis
strain B2,2 (MG645267) and Bacillus cereus strain A5 with accession number of
A5,a (MG645264). The result obtained shows that the following genus which
involves Brevibacillus, Aspergillus, and Bacillus are affirmed to possess a great
capability to biodegrade low-density polyethene. The Fourier transform infrared
spectroscopy analysis showed the presence of the following functional groups
such as carboxyl, ether, and aldehyde while ketone was detected as a transitional
product detected in the culture media. The authors suggested that their need to
establish the best optimum condition that favors the best microbial activity that
could enhance the biodegradation of plastic through the enzyme activity of microorganisms for their eventual commercial application.
356
C. O. Adetunji and O. A. Anani