occurring process (Newsome et al. 2014). Rapid precipitation of metal phosphate
will form a barrier around the cell surface which may hurdle in cell metabolism
(Mondani et al. 2011; Newsome et al. 2014). But in Serratia, the uranium deposition
was observed only on one side where lipopolysaccharide prevent fouling of cell
surface (Macaskie et al. 2000; Newsome et al. 2014).
13.2.1.3 Biosorption
Biosorption refers to the passive deposition of the soluble substances at the cell
surface. The presence of various ionizable groups such as phosphate, carboxyl,
hydroxyl, amine, and sulfhydryl at the cell surface generates electronegative attractions for metal cations as results the metal ions get deposited at the cell surface
(Lopez-Fernandez et al. 2019). Biosorption is considered as right method for treating
low concentration metallic wastes as the process of binding is faster than accumulation process, and also it is easy to remove bound pollutants from the cell surface to
regenerate the biosorbant for further use (Newsome et al. 2014; Oyewole et al.
2019). But there are some problems in biosorption like
• Sometimes problems may arise in bioremediation when other non-targeted cations competes and binds with cell surface as a result the rate of bioremediation
decreases drastically (Schiewer and Volesky 2000).
• Sometimes the cell surface becomes saturated as a result further binding of
cations do not takes place (Newsome et al. 2014).
• If the sorbed cell dies, rapid desorption of cation takes place which may alter in
bioremediation process (Knopp et al. 2003).
13.2.1.4 Bioaccumulation
Bioaccumulation of radioactive waste refers to the accumulation of radioactive
wastes inside the cell. A wide range of metal accumulation takes place through
bioaccumulation (Diep et al. 2018). Certain metal ions show structural similarity
with essential elements needed for bacterial growth and developments as a result the
adventitious uptake of these ions take place. As uranium has no known biological
function, uranium uptake into the cell takes place through membrane permeability
caused by uranium toxicity (Newsome et al. 2014). In Pseudomonas species, the
uranium accumulation takes place in the form of uranyl phosphates. Other microbes
like Arthrobacter nicotianae, Micrococcus luteus, Citrobacter sp. N14, and Bacillus
megaterium showed efficient bioremediation of radioactive wastes through
bioaccumulation process (Shukla et al. 2017).
13 Role of Microbes in Bioremediation of Radioactive Waste
343
will form a barrier around the cell surface which may hurdle in cell metabolism
(Mondani et al. 2011; Newsome et al. 2014). But in Serratia, the uranium deposition
was observed only on one side where lipopolysaccharide prevent fouling of cell
surface (Macaskie et al. 2000; Newsome et al. 2014).
13.2.1.3 Biosorption
Biosorption refers to the passive deposition of the soluble substances at the cell
surface. The presence of various ionizable groups such as phosphate, carboxyl,
hydroxyl, amine, and sulfhydryl at the cell surface generates electronegative attractions for metal cations as results the metal ions get deposited at the cell surface
(Lopez-Fernandez et al. 2019). Biosorption is considered as right method for treating
low concentration metallic wastes as the process of binding is faster than accumulation process, and also it is easy to remove bound pollutants from the cell surface to
regenerate the biosorbant for further use (Newsome et al. 2014; Oyewole et al.
2019). But there are some problems in biosorption like
• Sometimes problems may arise in bioremediation when other non-targeted cations competes and binds with cell surface as a result the rate of bioremediation
decreases drastically (Schiewer and Volesky 2000).
• Sometimes the cell surface becomes saturated as a result further binding of
cations do not takes place (Newsome et al. 2014).
• If the sorbed cell dies, rapid desorption of cation takes place which may alter in
bioremediation process (Knopp et al. 2003).
13.2.1.4 Bioaccumulation
Bioaccumulation of radioactive waste refers to the accumulation of radioactive
wastes inside the cell. A wide range of metal accumulation takes place through
bioaccumulation (Diep et al. 2018). Certain metal ions show structural similarity
with essential elements needed for bacterial growth and developments as a result the
adventitious uptake of these ions take place. As uranium has no known biological
function, uranium uptake into the cell takes place through membrane permeability
caused by uranium toxicity (Newsome et al. 2014). In Pseudomonas species, the
uranium accumulation takes place in the form of uranyl phosphates. Other microbes
like Arthrobacter nicotianae, Micrococcus luteus, Citrobacter sp. N14, and Bacillus
megaterium showed efficient bioremediation of radioactive wastes through
bioaccumulation process (Shukla et al. 2017).
13 Role of Microbes in Bioremediation of Radioactive Waste
343