The halotolerant yeast, Debaryomyces hansenii contains two distinct cyp450
family alkane hydroxylase genes, which showed 60% amino acid homology to the
cyp52A3 gene of C. maltosa (Yadav and Loper 1999) (Table 11.3).
Several genes responsible for degradation of the aromatic fractions of crude oil
have also been reported and are listed in Table 11.4. The genes for degradation of
toluene and xylene in P. putida have been demonstrated to be present in the TOL
plasmid (Worsey and Williams 1975), and a gene with similarity to E. coli fadL
(pWW0 XyIN) was also found to be present in the TOL plasmid, which was involved
in xylene uptake (Kasai et al. 2001).
Analysis of global proteomic changes during degradation of petroleum hydrocarbons in Pseudomonas aeruginosa P6 cultured in 500 mg/L or 20,000 mg/L crude
oil as the carbon and energy source revealed 63 differentially expressed proteins that
were associated with cellular pathways related to petroleum biodegradation. This
Table 11.3 Genes identified for the degradation of alkanes
Genes
Organism
References
alkB geo-1 to alkB geo-8
(8 homologs) alkane-1 monooxygenase
Geobacillus sp.
Tourova et al. (2018)
alkB-geo1, alkB-geo 4, alkB-geo
6
Geobacillus stearothermophilus
MH-1
Liu et al. (2009)
Rubredoxin (2 homologs)
Geobacillus stearothermophilus
MH-1
Liu et al. (2009)
Cytochrome p450 family
P. aeruginosa
Wang et al. (2019b)
cyp52-E3, cyp52-M1, cyp52-N1
Starmerella bombicola (yeast)
Huang et al. (2014)
cyp52
Trichoderma harzianum (filamentous fungi)
Del Carratore et al.
(2011)
Cytochrome C
P. aeruginosa
Wang et al. (2019b)
ladA
Geobacillus thermodentrificans
NG80-2
Feng et al. (2007)
ladA
Geobacillus toebii 1024
Geobacillus sp. 1017
Tourova et al. (2016)
almA 1 , almA 2
P. aeruginosa DN1
Li et al. (2019)
Table 11.4 Genes identified for the degradation of aromatics
Genes
Type of aromatic
compound degraded
Organism
References
Tbu gene cluster
(tbuA1, tbuU, tbuB, tbuV, tbuC)
BTEX, meta cleavage
Toluene-3monooxygenase
P. pickettii
PKO1
Byrne et al.
(1995)
Tmo
BTEX degradation
P. pickettii
PKO1
Byrne et al.
(1995)
Nar gene clusters (narAa, narAb
naphthalene dioxygenase)
Naphthalene
degradation
Rhodococcus
opacus R7
Di Gennaro
et al. (2010)
Phn
PAH degradation
Burkholderia
sp.
Tittabutr et al.
(2011)
11 Microbial Bioremediation of Petroleum Hydrocarbons
279
family alkane hydroxylase genes, which showed 60% amino acid homology to the
cyp52A3 gene of C. maltosa (Yadav and Loper 1999) (Table 11.3).
Several genes responsible for degradation of the aromatic fractions of crude oil
have also been reported and are listed in Table 11.4. The genes for degradation of
toluene and xylene in P. putida have been demonstrated to be present in the TOL
plasmid (Worsey and Williams 1975), and a gene with similarity to E. coli fadL
(pWW0 XyIN) was also found to be present in the TOL plasmid, which was involved
in xylene uptake (Kasai et al. 2001).
Analysis of global proteomic changes during degradation of petroleum hydrocarbons in Pseudomonas aeruginosa P6 cultured in 500 mg/L or 20,000 mg/L crude
oil as the carbon and energy source revealed 63 differentially expressed proteins that
were associated with cellular pathways related to petroleum biodegradation. This
Table 11.3 Genes identified for the degradation of alkanes
Genes
Organism
References
alkB geo-1 to alkB geo-8
(8 homologs) alkane-1 monooxygenase
Geobacillus sp.
Tourova et al. (2018)
alkB-geo1, alkB-geo 4, alkB-geo
6
Geobacillus stearothermophilus
MH-1
Liu et al. (2009)
Rubredoxin (2 homologs)
Geobacillus stearothermophilus
MH-1
Liu et al. (2009)
Cytochrome p450 family
P. aeruginosa
Wang et al. (2019b)
cyp52-E3, cyp52-M1, cyp52-N1
Starmerella bombicola (yeast)
Huang et al. (2014)
cyp52
Trichoderma harzianum (filamentous fungi)
Del Carratore et al.
(2011)
Cytochrome C
P. aeruginosa
Wang et al. (2019b)
ladA
Geobacillus thermodentrificans
NG80-2
Feng et al. (2007)
ladA
Geobacillus toebii 1024
Geobacillus sp. 1017
Tourova et al. (2016)
almA 1 , almA 2
P. aeruginosa DN1
Li et al. (2019)
Table 11.4 Genes identified for the degradation of aromatics
Genes
Type of aromatic
compound degraded
Organism
References
Tbu gene cluster
(tbuA1, tbuU, tbuB, tbuV, tbuC)
BTEX, meta cleavage
Toluene-3monooxygenase
P. pickettii
PKO1
Byrne et al.
(1995)
Tmo
BTEX degradation
P. pickettii
PKO1
Byrne et al.
(1995)
Nar gene clusters (narAa, narAb
naphthalene dioxygenase)
Naphthalene
degradation
Rhodococcus
opacus R7
Di Gennaro
et al. (2010)
Phn
PAH degradation
Burkholderia
sp.
Tittabutr et al.
(2011)
11 Microbial Bioremediation of Petroleum Hydrocarbons
279