44
M. Slatkin
essential. By 1999, that situation changed drastically. In the program for the 1999
annual meeting of the American Society of Human Genetics, 17% of the paper
titles or abstracts contained the term “linkage disequilibrium.” Since then, LD has
only increased in importance in human genetics and is the foundation of GWAS,
discussed in Chap. 5. As genomic tools become more widely used in plant and
animal populations, LD will assume equal prominence in evolutionary biology.
References
Consortium H (2003) The international HapMap project. Nature 426:789–796
Consortium IH (2005) A haplotype map of the human genome. Nature 437:1299–1320
Consortium IH (2007) A second generation human haplotype map of over 3.1 million SNPs. Nature
449:851–861
Daly MJ, Rioux JD, Schaffner SF, Hudson TJ, Lander ES (2001) High-resolution haplotype
structure in the human genome. Nature 29:229–232
Devlin B, Roeder K, Wasserman L (2001) Genomic control, a new approach to genetic-based
association studies. Theo Popul Biol 60:155–166
Felsenstein J (1965) The effect of linkage on directional selection. Genetics 52:349–363
Geiringer H (1944) On the probability theory of linkage in Mendelian heredity. Ann Math Stat
15:25–57
HapMap3 (2010) Integrating common and rare genetic variation in diverse human populations.
Nature 467:52–58
Hedrick PW, Thomson G, Klitz W (1986) Evolutionary genetics: HLA as an exemplary system.
Academic, New York
Hill WG, Robertson A (1968) Linkage disequilibrium in finite populations. Theor Appl Genet
38:226–231
Hubby JL, Lewontin RC (1966) A molecular approach to study of genic heterozygosity in natural
populations. I. Number of alleles at different loci in Drosophila Pseudoobscura. Genetics
54:577–594
Karlin S, Feldman MW (1970) Linkage and selection: two locus symmetric viability model. Theo
Popul Biol 1:39–71
Lander ES (2001) Initial sequencing and analysis of the human genome. Nature 409:860–921
Lewontin RC (1964) The interaction of selection and linkage. I. General considerations; heterotic
models. Genetics 49:49–67
Lewontin RC, Kojima K (1960) The evolutionary dynamics of complex polymorphisms. Evolution
14:458–472
Maynard Smith J, Haigh J (1974) The hitch-hiking effect of a favourable gene. Genet Res 23:23–35
Mitton JB, Koehn RK, Prout T (1973) Population genetics of marine pelecypods. 3. Epistasis
between functionally related isoenzymes of Mytilus-Edulis. Genetics 73:487–496
Nei M, Li W (1973) Linkage disequilibrium in subdivided populations. Genetics 75:213–219
Ohta T, Kimura M (1969) Linkage disequilibrium at steady state determined by random genetic
drift and recurrent mutation. Genetics 63:229–238
Reich DE, Cargill M, Bolk S, Ireland J, Sabeti PC, Richter DJ, Lavery T, Kouyoumjian R,
Farhadian SF, Ward R et al (2001) Linkage disequilibrium in the human genome. Nature
411:199–204
Robinson WP, Cambon-Thomsen A, Borot N, Klitz W, Thomson G (1991) Selection, hitchhiking
and disequilibrium analysis at three linked loci with application to HLA data. Genetics 129:931–
948
Saunders MA, Slatkin M, Garner C, Hammer MF, Nachman MW (2005) The span of linkage
disequilibrium caused by selection on G6PD in humans. Genetics 171:1219–1229
M. Slatkin
essential. By 1999, that situation changed drastically. In the program for the 1999
annual meeting of the American Society of Human Genetics, 17% of the paper
titles or abstracts contained the term “linkage disequilibrium.” Since then, LD has
only increased in importance in human genetics and is the foundation of GWAS,
discussed in Chap. 5. As genomic tools become more widely used in plant and
animal populations, LD will assume equal prominence in evolutionary biology.
References
Consortium H (2003) The international HapMap project. Nature 426:789–796
Consortium IH (2005) A haplotype map of the human genome. Nature 437:1299–1320
Consortium IH (2007) A second generation human haplotype map of over 3.1 million SNPs. Nature
449:851–861
Daly MJ, Rioux JD, Schaffner SF, Hudson TJ, Lander ES (2001) High-resolution haplotype
structure in the human genome. Nature 29:229–232
Devlin B, Roeder K, Wasserman L (2001) Genomic control, a new approach to genetic-based
association studies. Theo Popul Biol 60:155–166
Felsenstein J (1965) The effect of linkage on directional selection. Genetics 52:349–363
Geiringer H (1944) On the probability theory of linkage in Mendelian heredity. Ann Math Stat
15:25–57
HapMap3 (2010) Integrating common and rare genetic variation in diverse human populations.
Nature 467:52–58
Hedrick PW, Thomson G, Klitz W (1986) Evolutionary genetics: HLA as an exemplary system.
Academic, New York
Hill WG, Robertson A (1968) Linkage disequilibrium in finite populations. Theor Appl Genet
38:226–231
Hubby JL, Lewontin RC (1966) A molecular approach to study of genic heterozygosity in natural
populations. I. Number of alleles at different loci in Drosophila Pseudoobscura. Genetics
54:577–594
Karlin S, Feldman MW (1970) Linkage and selection: two locus symmetric viability model. Theo
Popul Biol 1:39–71
Lander ES (2001) Initial sequencing and analysis of the human genome. Nature 409:860–921
Lewontin RC (1964) The interaction of selection and linkage. I. General considerations; heterotic
models. Genetics 49:49–67
Lewontin RC, Kojima K (1960) The evolutionary dynamics of complex polymorphisms. Evolution
14:458–472
Maynard Smith J, Haigh J (1974) The hitch-hiking effect of a favourable gene. Genet Res 23:23–35
Mitton JB, Koehn RK, Prout T (1973) Population genetics of marine pelecypods. 3. Epistasis
between functionally related isoenzymes of Mytilus-Edulis. Genetics 73:487–496
Nei M, Li W (1973) Linkage disequilibrium in subdivided populations. Genetics 75:213–219
Ohta T, Kimura M (1969) Linkage disequilibrium at steady state determined by random genetic
drift and recurrent mutation. Genetics 63:229–238
Reich DE, Cargill M, Bolk S, Ireland J, Sabeti PC, Richter DJ, Lavery T, Kouyoumjian R,
Farhadian SF, Ward R et al (2001) Linkage disequilibrium in the human genome. Nature
411:199–204
Robinson WP, Cambon-Thomsen A, Borot N, Klitz W, Thomson G (1991) Selection, hitchhiking
and disequilibrium analysis at three linked loci with application to HLA data. Genetics 129:931–
948
Saunders MA, Slatkin M, Garner C, Hammer MF, Nachman MW (2005) The span of linkage
disequilibrium caused by selection on G6PD in humans. Genetics 171:1219–1229