Community Protocols and Biocultural Rights 39
& 18), to be read in conjunction with Law No. 7 of 27 June 2016 Establishing the
Protection of Knowledge of Indigenous Traditional Medicine (Artt. 13, 20, 22, 23,
26) (also see De Obaldia, 2005; Romero, 2005; Lixinski, 2013, p. 123).
65 For a concrete example, see the Protocolo Comunitario Biocultural para el Territorio
del Consejo Comunitario Mayor del Alto San Juan Asocasan, Tado, Chocó,
Colombia, 2012 (English version: https://europa.eu/capacity4dev/file/12655/
download?token=iKhInQBg); and, CESCR, Ecuador, E/C.12/ECU/CO/3 (13
December 2012), para. 9 which, in the original Spanish version, refers to “los protocolos de consultas comunitarias” (protocols of community consultations) that should
be respected in the processes of consultation (mining and hydrocarbon resource
exploration).
66 See note 2.
67 See above, p. 20.
68 In reality, there are reasons to believe that Posey had arrived at the same conclusion
in the early 2000s, linking IPLCs’ fight for their “survival” to the conservation of the
world’s biological diversity (see Posey, 2001, p. 385).
69 Declaration on the Rights of Peasants and Other People Working in Rural Areas,
Art. 1.1.
70 Interestingly, Mexico recently passed the Ley Federal para el Fomento y Protección del
Maíz Nativo (Federal Law for the Promotion and Protection of Native Maize), DOF
13-04-2020. It declares the activities of production, commercialisation, and consumption of native and constantly diversified maize as a cultural manifestation in
accordance with Art. 3 of the General Law on Culture and Cultural Rights (DOF
19-06-2017) (Art. 1, para. I). It further provides that
[t]he protection of Native Maize and Maize in Constant Diversification is recognised as an obligation of the State to guarantee the human right to nutritious,
sufficient and quality food, as established in the third paragraph of Article 4 of the
Political Constitution of the United Mexican States.— The State shall guarantee
and promote, through all competent authorities, that all people have effective
access to informed consumption of Native and Constantly Diversified Maize, as
well as derived products thereof, under GMO-free conditions.
(Art. 4)
71 On biocultural approaches to food sovereignty, see Pimbert (2018); Sarrazin & Scott
(2020).
72 Now endorsed by the IUCN and the CBD: Recommendation V.26 (IUCN & The
World Conservation Union, 2005); Resolution 3.049 (IUCN & World Conservation
Congress, 2005); (IUCN & World Commission on Protected Areas (WCPA), 2019);
UNEP/CBD/COP/DEC/XI/24; CBD/COP/DEC/XIII/2, para. 7; CBD/COP/
DEC/14/8 Annexe II.
73 CBD/COP/DEC/14/8, para. 2; (IUCN & World Commission on Protected Areas
(WCPA), 2019).
74 See above, notes (38–39).
75 https://biocultural.iied.org/about-biocultural-heritage.
76 Dictámenes para declaratoria de publicidad de la Comisión de Medio Ambiente, Sustentabilidad, Cambio Climático y Recursos Naturales, con Proyecto de decreto por el que se reforman
y adicionan diversas disposiciones de la Ley General del Equilibrio Ecológico y la Protección
al Ambiente, en materia de protección del patrimonio biocultural (Gaceta Parlementaria, Año
XXIV, Número 5664-IX – 2 December 2020). In the proposed Art. 3, para. XXIX
of the act, “Biocultural Heritage” (Patrimonio Biocultural) is defined as the “Legacy
made up of the environment, culture and territory in a reciprocal relationship that
propitiates a landscape in equilibrium, whose attributes are heterogeneity, diversity,
connectivity, stability and resilience”.
77 See also Chapter 3 in this book.
& 18), to be read in conjunction with Law No. 7 of 27 June 2016 Establishing the
Protection of Knowledge of Indigenous Traditional Medicine (Artt. 13, 20, 22, 23,
26) (also see De Obaldia, 2005; Romero, 2005; Lixinski, 2013, p. 123).
65 For a concrete example, see the Protocolo Comunitario Biocultural para el Territorio
del Consejo Comunitario Mayor del Alto San Juan Asocasan, Tado, Chocó,
Colombia, 2012 (English version: https://europa.eu/capacity4dev/file/12655/
download?token=iKhInQBg); and, CESCR, Ecuador, E/C.12/ECU/CO/3 (13
December 2012), para. 9 which, in the original Spanish version, refers to “los protocolos de consultas comunitarias” (protocols of community consultations) that should
be respected in the processes of consultation (mining and hydrocarbon resource
exploration).
66 See note 2.
67 See above, p. 20.
68 In reality, there are reasons to believe that Posey had arrived at the same conclusion
in the early 2000s, linking IPLCs’ fight for their “survival” to the conservation of the
world’s biological diversity (see Posey, 2001, p. 385).
69 Declaration on the Rights of Peasants and Other People Working in Rural Areas,
Art. 1.1.
70 Interestingly, Mexico recently passed the Ley Federal para el Fomento y Protección del
Maíz Nativo (Federal Law for the Promotion and Protection of Native Maize), DOF
13-04-2020. It declares the activities of production, commercialisation, and consumption of native and constantly diversified maize as a cultural manifestation in
accordance with Art. 3 of the General Law on Culture and Cultural Rights (DOF
19-06-2017) (Art. 1, para. I). It further provides that
[t]he protection of Native Maize and Maize in Constant Diversification is recognised as an obligation of the State to guarantee the human right to nutritious,
sufficient and quality food, as established in the third paragraph of Article 4 of the
Political Constitution of the United Mexican States.— The State shall guarantee
and promote, through all competent authorities, that all people have effective
access to informed consumption of Native and Constantly Diversified Maize, as
well as derived products thereof, under GMO-free conditions.
(Art. 4)
71 On biocultural approaches to food sovereignty, see Pimbert (2018); Sarrazin & Scott
(2020).
72 Now endorsed by the IUCN and the CBD: Recommendation V.26 (IUCN & The
World Conservation Union, 2005); Resolution 3.049 (IUCN & World Conservation
Congress, 2005); (IUCN & World Commission on Protected Areas (WCPA), 2019);
UNEP/CBD/COP/DEC/XI/24; CBD/COP/DEC/XIII/2, para. 7; CBD/COP/
DEC/14/8 Annexe II.
73 CBD/COP/DEC/14/8, para. 2; (IUCN & World Commission on Protected Areas
(WCPA), 2019).
74 See above, notes (38–39).
75 https://biocultural.iied.org/about-biocultural-heritage.
76 Dictámenes para declaratoria de publicidad de la Comisión de Medio Ambiente, Sustentabilidad, Cambio Climático y Recursos Naturales, con Proyecto de decreto por el que se reforman
y adicionan diversas disposiciones de la Ley General del Equilibrio Ecológico y la Protección
al Ambiente, en materia de protección del patrimonio biocultural (Gaceta Parlementaria, Año
XXIV, Número 5664-IX – 2 December 2020). In the proposed Art. 3, para. XXIX
of the act, “Biocultural Heritage” (Patrimonio Biocultural) is defined as the “Legacy
made up of the environment, culture and territory in a reciprocal relationship that
propitiates a landscape in equilibrium, whose attributes are heterogeneity, diversity,
connectivity, stability and resilience”.
77 See also Chapter 3 in this book.