The Sovereign Stewards of Biodiversity 305
44 An example of one such distortion is provided by Delgamuukw v. British Columbia,
1997 CanLII 302 (SCC), [1997] 3 SCR 1010:
Accordingly, in my view, lands subject to aboriginal title cannot be put to such
uses as may be irreconcilable with the nature of the occupation of that land and
the relationship that the particular group has had with the land which together
have given rise to aboriginal title in the first place.
Inversely, there are other cases acknowledging that “traditional” activities are not
frozen; see Ilmari Länsman et al. v Finland, Comm No. 511/1992, UN Doc. CCPR/
C/52/D/511/1992 (1994), para. 9.3; Apirana Mahuika v New Zealand, Comm No
547/1993, UN Doc CCPR/C/70/D/547/1993 (27 October 2000), para. 9.4. African
Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights v Kenya, App 006/2012, (006/2012) [2017]
AfCHPR 28; (26 May 2017), para. 185.
45 Sotinkanmè is one of the 34 villages that make up the commune of Bonou (the
commune is itself divided into five districts (Gouvernement de la République du
Bénin & PNUD, 2015).
46 Arrêté interministériel N° 0121/MEHU/MDGLAAT/DC/SGM/DGFRN/ SA du
16/11/2012 fixant les conditions de gestion durable de la forêt sacrée en République du Bénin.
47 Loi nº 96-025 relative à la gestion locale des ressources naturelles renouvelables.
48 GELOSE contracts are concluded between the community, the rural municipality it
belongs to, and a decentralised state service (for instance, water and forest administration) (Pollini & Lassoie, 2011, p. 817).
49 GELOSE Law no. 96-025, Article 3.
50 On which see Chapter 10 of this book.
51 The Tkarihwaié:ri Code, para. 20.
52 See also Chapter 6 of this book, by Giulia Sajeva.
53 Atrato River case, see above n. (5).
54 The Tkarihwaié:ri Code, para. 20 (our emphasis).
55 Atrato River case, para. 5.14 (with the Court’s emphasis).
References
Agrawal, A. (1995). Dismantling the Divide Between Indigenous and Scientific
Knowledge. Development and Change, 26(3), 413–439.
Agrawal, A. (2002). Classification des savoirs autochtones: La dimension politique. Revue
internationale des sciences sociales, 173(3), 325–336. https://doi.org/10.3917/riss.173.0325
Agrawal, A. (2005a). Community, Intimate Government, and the Making of
Environmental Subjects in Kumaon, India. Current Anthropology, 46(2), 161–190.
Agrawal, A. (2005b). Environmentality: Technologies of Government and the Making of Subjects.
Duke University Press. https://doi.org/10.1515/9780822386421-008
Akrich, M. (1992). The De-Scription of Technical Objects. In W. E. Bijker & J. Law
(Eds.), Shaping Technology/Building Society: Studies in Sociotechnical Change (pp. 205–224).
The MIT Press.
Almeida, F. (2017). Legislative Pathways for Securing Community-Based Property Rights.
Rights and Resources Initiative.
Anaya, S. J. (2004). Indigenous Peoples in International Law (2nd ed.). Oxford University
Press.
Antinori, C. M., & Rausser, G. C. (2003). Does Community Involvement Matter? How
Collective Choice Affects Forests in Mexico (qt83j385n0; Department of Agricultural
& Resource Economics, UC Berkeley, Working Paper Series). Department of
Agricultural & Resource Economics, UC Berkeley.
44 An example of one such distortion is provided by Delgamuukw v. British Columbia,
1997 CanLII 302 (SCC), [1997] 3 SCR 1010:
Accordingly, in my view, lands subject to aboriginal title cannot be put to such
uses as may be irreconcilable with the nature of the occupation of that land and
the relationship that the particular group has had with the land which together
have given rise to aboriginal title in the first place.
Inversely, there are other cases acknowledging that “traditional” activities are not
frozen; see Ilmari Länsman et al. v Finland, Comm No. 511/1992, UN Doc. CCPR/
C/52/D/511/1992 (1994), para. 9.3; Apirana Mahuika v New Zealand, Comm No
547/1993, UN Doc CCPR/C/70/D/547/1993 (27 October 2000), para. 9.4. African
Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights v Kenya, App 006/2012, (006/2012) [2017]
AfCHPR 28; (26 May 2017), para. 185.
45 Sotinkanmè is one of the 34 villages that make up the commune of Bonou (the
commune is itself divided into five districts (Gouvernement de la République du
Bénin & PNUD, 2015).
46 Arrêté interministériel N° 0121/MEHU/MDGLAAT/DC/SGM/DGFRN/ SA du
16/11/2012 fixant les conditions de gestion durable de la forêt sacrée en République du Bénin.
47 Loi nº 96-025 relative à la gestion locale des ressources naturelles renouvelables.
48 GELOSE contracts are concluded between the community, the rural municipality it
belongs to, and a decentralised state service (for instance, water and forest administration) (Pollini & Lassoie, 2011, p. 817).
49 GELOSE Law no. 96-025, Article 3.
50 On which see Chapter 10 of this book.
51 The Tkarihwaié:ri Code, para. 20.
52 See also Chapter 6 of this book, by Giulia Sajeva.
53 Atrato River case, see above n. (5).
54 The Tkarihwaié:ri Code, para. 20 (our emphasis).
55 Atrato River case, para. 5.14 (with the Court’s emphasis).
References
Agrawal, A. (1995). Dismantling the Divide Between Indigenous and Scientific
Knowledge. Development and Change, 26(3), 413–439.
Agrawal, A. (2002). Classification des savoirs autochtones: La dimension politique. Revue
internationale des sciences sociales, 173(3), 325–336. https://doi.org/10.3917/riss.173.0325
Agrawal, A. (2005a). Community, Intimate Government, and the Making of
Environmental Subjects in Kumaon, India. Current Anthropology, 46(2), 161–190.
Agrawal, A. (2005b). Environmentality: Technologies of Government and the Making of Subjects.
Duke University Press. https://doi.org/10.1515/9780822386421-008
Akrich, M. (1992). The De-Scription of Technical Objects. In W. E. Bijker & J. Law
(Eds.), Shaping Technology/Building Society: Studies in Sociotechnical Change (pp. 205–224).
The MIT Press.
Almeida, F. (2017). Legislative Pathways for Securing Community-Based Property Rights.
Rights and Resources Initiative.
Anaya, S. J. (2004). Indigenous Peoples in International Law (2nd ed.). Oxford University
Press.
Antinori, C. M., & Rausser, G. C. (2003). Does Community Involvement Matter? How
Collective Choice Affects Forests in Mexico (qt83j385n0; Department of Agricultural
& Resource Economics, UC Berkeley, Working Paper Series). Department of
Agricultural & Resource Economics, UC Berkeley.