A Biocultural Ethics Approach 85
Notes
1 *All URLs retrieved on 1 September 2021.
2 Indigenous peoples in Canada refers to First Nations, Métis and Inuit peoples as
the original inhabitants of Canada, each with unique worldviews, histories, laws,
languages, cultures, traditions, customs and knowledge systems. The term “ Aboriginal
people” used in the CIHR Guidelines for Health Research Involving Aboriginal People
(2007) means the same as Indigenous peoples in Canada.
3 The term “Indigenous community protocols” is used in this chapter as a general
description of a variety of instruments and mechanisms developed by many First
Nations, Inuit and Métis communities in Canada to convey the information, expectations, policies and processes that they wish to make known regarding culturally
appropriate engagement with their community or Nation. Each community has their
own name or way to refer to these kinds of instruments and mechanisms, not all of
which are articulated in writing. This diversity of expression and articulation that
exists across First Nations, Inuit and Métis communities to fulfill their own specific
purposes is important to keep in mind.
4 In part, this chapter offers an update and elaboration on the evolution and relevance of
consent as an ethical principle in Canada in addressing Indigenous biocultural rights,
originally described in Bannister (2004).
5 See “The Nuremberg Code (1947)”, 1996.
6 For transparency, the author was a member of the Aboriginal Ethics Working Group
(AEWG) from 2004 to 2007, which developed the CIHR Guidelines for Health
Research Involving Aboriginal People (2007). See http://www.cihr-irsc.gc.ca/e/29134.
html
7 It is noteworthy that Canada passed Bill C-91 An Act respecting Indigenous languages in
2019 and created a new Office of the Commissioner of Indigenous Languages in 2021
to support implementation and creation of effective measure to uphold Indigenous
language-related rights found in UNDRIP Articles 13, 14 and 15.
8 For transparency, the author was a member of the Panel on Research Ethics- Technical
Advisory Committee on Aboriginal Research (PRE-TACAR) from 2005 to 2008.
9 https://cdn2.hubspot.net/hubfs/374848/docs/TKConsent _ For m _.pd f ?t=
1521485539033
10 https://www.indigenousguardianstoolkit.ca/
11 For transparency, the author is a member of the Ethics Circle who developed the
Ethical Guidance for Knowledge Sharing Across Indigenous and Western Scientific Knowledge
Systems (Ethics Circle, 2021).
References
Aboriginal Research Ethics Initiative (AREI). (2008). Issues and Options for Revisions to
the Tri-Council Policy Statement on Ethical Conduct of Research Involving Humans (TCPS):
Section 6: Research Involving Aboriginal Peoples. Report prepared by the Aboriginal Research
Ethics Initiative (AREI) of the Interagency Advisory Panel on Research Ethics (PRE) with the
Assistance of PRE’s Technical Advisory Committee on Aboriginal Research (PRE- TACAR)
and the Guiding Consortium for the Development of TCPS Guidelines for Research Involving
Aboriginal Peoples. Interagency Advisory Panel and Secretariat on Research Ethics.
http://icwrn.uvic.ca/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/ethics_aboriginal_guidelines_
metis_e.pdf
Abouchar, J., Birchall, C. J., & Wortsman, L. (2021, June 21). Bill C-15 Passed: Federal
Government to Align Federal Laws with the United Nations Declaration on the Rights
of Indigenous Peoples. Willms & Shier Environment Indigenous Energy Law. https://www.
Notes
1 *All URLs retrieved on 1 September 2021.
2 Indigenous peoples in Canada refers to First Nations, Métis and Inuit peoples as
the original inhabitants of Canada, each with unique worldviews, histories, laws,
languages, cultures, traditions, customs and knowledge systems. The term “ Aboriginal
people” used in the CIHR Guidelines for Health Research Involving Aboriginal People
(2007) means the same as Indigenous peoples in Canada.
3 The term “Indigenous community protocols” is used in this chapter as a general
description of a variety of instruments and mechanisms developed by many First
Nations, Inuit and Métis communities in Canada to convey the information, expectations, policies and processes that they wish to make known regarding culturally
appropriate engagement with their community or Nation. Each community has their
own name or way to refer to these kinds of instruments and mechanisms, not all of
which are articulated in writing. This diversity of expression and articulation that
exists across First Nations, Inuit and Métis communities to fulfill their own specific
purposes is important to keep in mind.
4 In part, this chapter offers an update and elaboration on the evolution and relevance of
consent as an ethical principle in Canada in addressing Indigenous biocultural rights,
originally described in Bannister (2004).
5 See “The Nuremberg Code (1947)”, 1996.
6 For transparency, the author was a member of the Aboriginal Ethics Working Group
(AEWG) from 2004 to 2007, which developed the CIHR Guidelines for Health
Research Involving Aboriginal People (2007). See http://www.cihr-irsc.gc.ca/e/29134.
html
7 It is noteworthy that Canada passed Bill C-91 An Act respecting Indigenous languages in
2019 and created a new Office of the Commissioner of Indigenous Languages in 2021
to support implementation and creation of effective measure to uphold Indigenous
language-related rights found in UNDRIP Articles 13, 14 and 15.
8 For transparency, the author was a member of the Panel on Research Ethics- Technical
Advisory Committee on Aboriginal Research (PRE-TACAR) from 2005 to 2008.
9 https://cdn2.hubspot.net/hubfs/374848/docs/TKConsent _ For m _.pd f ?t=
1521485539033
10 https://www.indigenousguardianstoolkit.ca/
11 For transparency, the author is a member of the Ethics Circle who developed the
Ethical Guidance for Knowledge Sharing Across Indigenous and Western Scientific Knowledge
Systems (Ethics Circle, 2021).
References
Aboriginal Research Ethics Initiative (AREI). (2008). Issues and Options for Revisions to
the Tri-Council Policy Statement on Ethical Conduct of Research Involving Humans (TCPS):
Section 6: Research Involving Aboriginal Peoples. Report prepared by the Aboriginal Research
Ethics Initiative (AREI) of the Interagency Advisory Panel on Research Ethics (PRE) with the
Assistance of PRE’s Technical Advisory Committee on Aboriginal Research (PRE- TACAR)
and the Guiding Consortium for the Development of TCPS Guidelines for Research Involving
Aboriginal Peoples. Interagency Advisory Panel and Secretariat on Research Ethics.
http://icwrn.uvic.ca/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/ethics_aboriginal_guidelines_
metis_e.pdf
Abouchar, J., Birchall, C. J., & Wortsman, L. (2021, June 21). Bill C-15 Passed: Federal
Government to Align Federal Laws with the United Nations Declaration on the Rights
of Indigenous Peoples. Willms & Shier Environment Indigenous Energy Law. https://www.