Index
160
1 6 0
Demand management see Supply and
demand management
Dementia, 30
Democratic Republic of the
Congo, 29, 65
Denmark, 97– 98
Desalination of water, 15
Deserts, 14
Diabetes, 31
Diesel vehicles, 5, 27, 32, 96, 124
Direct load control programs, 81
Disability- adjusted life years
(DALYs), 30, 31
Drought, 13, 15, 113
Economic considerations, 4– 5,
101– 103
air quality improvement, 104– 106
government actions, 106
greenhouse gas emissions, 103– 104
see also Costs
Economic development, 12, 92
Ecosystems, 112, 113
Education
and agriculture, 112
public, 34– 35, 99, 103, 146
Egypt, 30
Electrical grid, 3, 6, 29, 71, 151
energy storage, 17, 61– 62, 66, 73,
74– 76, 80, 82– 83, 131– 132, 153
mini- grids, 86, 87
policy, 94
real- time prices, 81
time- of- use prices, 66, 76, 81
see also Smart grid
Electric bicycles, 33, 44– 46, 66, 96
Electric buses, 46– 47, 60, 96, 123, 125,
130, 153– 154
Electric cars, 2, 33, 40– 44
advantages, 41– 43
battery costs, 4, 41, 42, 60, 60, 67,
102, 153
challenges, 6
charging infrastructure, 6, 43, 63,
64– 65, 73, 75– 76, 96, 123, 154
costs, 4– 5, 41– 42, 63– 64, 102
and grid energy storage, 17, 66,
73, 75– 76
policy, 95– 97, 125
progress, 130– 131
ranges, 43
regenerative braking, 42– 43, 65
Electricity generation
coal, 3, 27, 32, 52, 57, 92– 93, 102, 120, 122
economic considerations, 102, 103– 104
hydropower, 43, 52, 75, 125, 152
natural gas, 53, 57, 73, 82, 93, 120, 121
off- grid, 5, 29, 54, 85– 88
policy, 92– 95
see also Solar- generated electricity;
Wind power
Electric power management, 76– 77,
79– 83, 153
off- grid, 85– 88
Electric taxis, 123, 125
Electric tractors, 109– 110
Electric trucks, 48, 96, 124, 131, 154
Electric vehicle supply equipment
(EVSE), 43, 73
Electrification of transportation, 3,
33– 34, 39– 40, 153– 154
advantages, 41– 43
and agriculture, 109– 110, 111
bicycles, 33, 44– 46, 66, 96
buses, 46– 47, 60, 96, 123, 125, 130,
153– 154
challenges, 6
costs, 4– 5, 41– 42, 63– 64, 102
economic considerations, 102, 104
and electrical grid, 6, 17, 66, 73, 75– 76
policy, 95– 97, 125
progress, 46, 47, 48, 129– 131, 153– 154
taxis, 123, 125
technology innovation, 16– 17
tractors, 109– 110
trucks, 48, 96, 124, 131, 154
see also Batteries; Electric cars
Elemental carbon, 27, 31, 32
Emissions trading schemes, 92
Energy conversion efficiency
electric vehicles, 41
potential to electrical energy, 42– 43
solar panels, 54
Environmental Protection Agency
(EPA), 25, 26, 105, 135
Ethanol, 116
Ethiopia, 29
European Clean Bus Deployment
Initiative, 47
European Union, 25, 65, 92, 106
160
1 6 0
Demand management see Supply and
demand management
Dementia, 30
Democratic Republic of the
Congo, 29, 65
Denmark, 97– 98
Desalination of water, 15
Deserts, 14
Diabetes, 31
Diesel vehicles, 5, 27, 32, 96, 124
Direct load control programs, 81
Disability- adjusted life years
(DALYs), 30, 31
Drought, 13, 15, 113
Economic considerations, 4– 5,
101– 103
air quality improvement, 104– 106
government actions, 106
greenhouse gas emissions, 103– 104
see also Costs
Economic development, 12, 92
Ecosystems, 112, 113
Education
and agriculture, 112
public, 34– 35, 99, 103, 146
Egypt, 30
Electrical grid, 3, 6, 29, 71, 151
energy storage, 17, 61– 62, 66, 73,
74– 76, 80, 82– 83, 131– 132, 153
mini- grids, 86, 87
policy, 94
real- time prices, 81
time- of- use prices, 66, 76, 81
see also Smart grid
Electric bicycles, 33, 44– 46, 66, 96
Electric buses, 46– 47, 60, 96, 123, 125,
130, 153– 154
Electric cars, 2, 33, 40– 44
advantages, 41– 43
battery costs, 4, 41, 42, 60, 60, 67,
102, 153
challenges, 6
charging infrastructure, 6, 43, 63,
64– 65, 73, 75– 76, 96, 123, 154
costs, 4– 5, 41– 42, 63– 64, 102
and grid energy storage, 17, 66,
73, 75– 76
policy, 95– 97, 125
progress, 130– 131
ranges, 43
regenerative braking, 42– 43, 65
Electricity generation
coal, 3, 27, 32, 52, 57, 92– 93, 102, 120, 122
economic considerations, 102, 103– 104
hydropower, 43, 52, 75, 125, 152
natural gas, 53, 57, 73, 82, 93, 120, 121
off- grid, 5, 29, 54, 85– 88
policy, 92– 95
see also Solar- generated electricity;
Wind power
Electric power management, 76– 77,
79– 83, 153
off- grid, 85– 88
Electric taxis, 123, 125
Electric tractors, 109– 110
Electric trucks, 48, 96, 124, 131, 154
Electric vehicle supply equipment
(EVSE), 43, 73
Electrification of transportation, 3,
33– 34, 39– 40, 153– 154
advantages, 41– 43
and agriculture, 109– 110, 111
bicycles, 33, 44– 46, 66, 96
buses, 46– 47, 60, 96, 123, 125, 130,
153– 154
challenges, 6
costs, 4– 5, 41– 42, 63– 64, 102
economic considerations, 102, 104
and electrical grid, 6, 17, 66, 73, 75– 76
policy, 95– 97, 125
progress, 46, 47, 48, 129– 131, 153– 154
taxis, 123, 125
technology innovation, 16– 17
tractors, 109– 110
trucks, 48, 96, 124, 131, 154
see also Batteries; Electric cars
Elemental carbon, 27, 31, 32
Emissions trading schemes, 92
Energy conversion efficiency
electric vehicles, 41
potential to electrical energy, 42– 43
solar panels, 54
Environmental Protection Agency
(EPA), 25, 26, 105, 135
Ethanol, 116
Ethiopia, 29
European Clean Bus Deployment
Initiative, 47
European Union, 25, 65, 92, 106