Reducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Improving Air Quality
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Action 17:  Enhance policy dialogue and coordination. Government
policy has been important in agriculture in many countries for
many years (see Chapter  10). Research, education, and extension
programs have provided support for agriculture since 1863 in the
United States. There have been global cooperative efforts through
the FAO for many years that have been very beneficial. Policy
actions are almost always an important part of efforts to advance
sustainable agriculture and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Of
particular importance currently is a more extensive dialogue on
water policies in support of agriculture using renewable energy.
Action 18:  Strengthen innovation systems. Innovation has always been
very important in the success of agriculture in the past, and it is
needed moving forward into the future to achieve the SDGs. The
transformation to renewable energy, the electrification of agricultural operations, and the development of battery storage systems
to support rural electrification all depend on further innovation.
Innovation is also important in sustainable ecosystem management.
Action 19:  Adapt and improve investment and finance. Investments
in agriculture are necessary for reaching the SDG to end hunger
and achieve food security for everyone. Land ownership is a large
investment, as are the investments in farm equipment, seeds, and
fertilizers that are needed for modern agriculture. These all require
working capital. Additional investment is needed for solar panels
and battery storage to have renewable electricity. A modern home
with appliances and a communication network completes the picture of what is desired. A nearby community with schools, a hospital, stores, a bank, a post office, and a local government should be
part of the rural infrastructure.
Action 20: Strengthen the enabling environment and reform the institutional framework. Rural development in support of sustainable
agriculture is important. Support and policies implemented by local
and state governments are significant, but other organizations are
involved as well in many countries. For instance, there are global
companies that have products such as tractors and farm equipment
for sale, and these companies can play key roles in the electrification of that equipment. Education and the availability of information, naturally, should also be part of the enabling environment.
12.3 Greenhouse Gases and Agriculture
Agriculture has several important impacts on greenhouse gas emissions, some
of which are more obvious than others. Equipment, transportation of products,
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