282
Permeable Reactive Barrier
account the results of the RUBIN projects as well as those of other external
German PRB projects as well as approx. 100 PRB projects internationally,
decisive scientific and technical knowledge regarding the current state of
the art, potentials and limits, as well as drawbacks of the technology could
be gathered, analyzed, evaluated, and disseminated. Especially, it could be
achieved to identify which of the several existing variants of the technology
(pertaining to design types, reactive materials, etc.) can be safely and most
probably successfully applied in practical remediation in Germany and
can therefore be recommended for further implementations in the future.
Furthermore, the ongoing and potential future trends regarding further
development of the technology were identified as well as predicted, respectively. This knowledge is pivotal for practitioners/the remediation market
in Germany, because it had not been managed until around 2010 to establish the technology as a conventional remediation approach. This had been
partially due to the fact that during RUBIN a few open issues had emerged
at some German PRB sites, which could not entirely be resolved around
2000, however, at a higher degree by the work and results of the RUBIN
program in the succeeding years. All results of RUBIN have been compiled
in the German PRB handbook and guidance that was edited by the authors
and some leaders of several other RUBIN member projects (Burmeier et al.,
2006). The German PRB handbook consists of two volumes (in one book):
volume #1 covers a comprehensive guidance for planning, erecting, operation and maintenance (O&M), and decommissioning of PRBs in Germany
(≈ 100 pages), taking into account German laws and regulations, such as the
Federal Soil Protection Act and Ordinance (“Bundesbodenschutzgesetz”,
BBodSchG, und “Bundesbodenschutzgesetz”, BBodSchV, respectively).
Volume #2 covers a comprehensive state-of-the-art report comprising scientific and technical as well as economic, regulatory, and legal aspects (≈ 400
pages plus reports of all RUBIN projects that have been implemented until
2006, overview of PRB sites and performance data worldwide, and an extensive list of references, Burmeier et al., 2006). Several further subjects/issues
that had been encountered/identified during the first phase of RUBIN were
comprehensively investigated in the second term of RUBIN (“phase #2”)
between 2006 and 2012:
1. Gas production/plugging and the varying reactivity of technicalgrade ZVI brands in PRBs and their impact on the destruction efficacy of chlorinated volatile organic compounds (cVOCs) as well as
on the overall performance/longevity.
2. Long-term performance and longevity of GAC PRBs regarding retardation (sorption) of polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and polar
NSO-PAHs.
3. Application and performance of EC-PRBs employing a Bio-PRB to
treat a tar oil contamination, a “gas bubble”-PRB to treat acid mine
Permeable Reactive Barrier
account the results of the RUBIN projects as well as those of other external
German PRB projects as well as approx. 100 PRB projects internationally,
decisive scientific and technical knowledge regarding the current state of
the art, potentials and limits, as well as drawbacks of the technology could
be gathered, analyzed, evaluated, and disseminated. Especially, it could be
achieved to identify which of the several existing variants of the technology
(pertaining to design types, reactive materials, etc.) can be safely and most
probably successfully applied in practical remediation in Germany and
can therefore be recommended for further implementations in the future.
Furthermore, the ongoing and potential future trends regarding further
development of the technology were identified as well as predicted, respectively. This knowledge is pivotal for practitioners/the remediation market
in Germany, because it had not been managed until around 2010 to establish the technology as a conventional remediation approach. This had been
partially due to the fact that during RUBIN a few open issues had emerged
at some German PRB sites, which could not entirely be resolved around
2000, however, at a higher degree by the work and results of the RUBIN
program in the succeeding years. All results of RUBIN have been compiled
in the German PRB handbook and guidance that was edited by the authors
and some leaders of several other RUBIN member projects (Burmeier et al.,
2006). The German PRB handbook consists of two volumes (in one book):
volume #1 covers a comprehensive guidance for planning, erecting, operation and maintenance (O&M), and decommissioning of PRBs in Germany
(≈ 100 pages), taking into account German laws and regulations, such as the
Federal Soil Protection Act and Ordinance (“Bundesbodenschutzgesetz”,
BBodSchG, und “Bundesbodenschutzgesetz”, BBodSchV, respectively).
Volume #2 covers a comprehensive state-of-the-art report comprising scientific and technical as well as economic, regulatory, and legal aspects (≈ 400
pages plus reports of all RUBIN projects that have been implemented until
2006, overview of PRB sites and performance data worldwide, and an extensive list of references, Burmeier et al., 2006). Several further subjects/issues
that had been encountered/identified during the first phase of RUBIN were
comprehensively investigated in the second term of RUBIN (“phase #2”)
between 2006 and 2012:
1. Gas production/plugging and the varying reactivity of technicalgrade ZVI brands in PRBs and their impact on the destruction efficacy of chlorinated volatile organic compounds (cVOCs) as well as
on the overall performance/longevity.
2. Long-term performance and longevity of GAC PRBs regarding retardation (sorption) of polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and polar
NSO-PAHs.
3. Application and performance of EC-PRBs employing a Bio-PRB to
treat a tar oil contamination, a “gas bubble”-PRB to treat acid mine