10.1 Introduction to Reactive Gas Barriers and Zones ................................. 178
10.2 Gas-Water-Dynamics in the Groundwater Environment .................... 181
10.2.1 Basic Phenomena ........................................................................... 181
10.2.2 Example Test Facilities .................................................................. 182
10.2.3 Gas Injection and Gas-Water Displacement............................... 184
10.2.4 Gas Propagation and Storage ....................................................... 185
10.2.5 Gas Dissolution and Degassing................................................... 187
10.3 Techniques and Devices for RGBZ Formation ...................................... 189
10.3.1 Set of Available Technical Tools................................................... 189
10.3.2 Gas Injection Devices .................................................................... 191
10.3.2.1 Gas Lances........................................................................ 191
10.3.2.2 Gas Supply, Gas Mixing, and Distribution ................. 193
10.3.2.3 Safety Precautions........................................................... 194
10.3.3 Monitoring Devices ....................................................................... 195
10.3.3.1 Groundwater and Dissolved Gas Monitoring ............ 195
10.3.3.2 Gas Monitoring................................................................ 196
10.3.3.3 Gas Saturation Testing ................................................... 197
10.3.3.4 Soil Gas Monitoring........................................................ 198
10.3.4 Techniques for PRB Performance Control.................................. 200
10.4 Example Applications of the RGBZ Technology ................................... 200
10.4.1 The BIOXWAND Technology for
Ammonium Elimination .............................................................. 202
10.4.2 Oxygen Gas PRB for Risk Coverage of MNA of an
Organic Contaminant Plume ....................................................... 206
10.4.3 Reactive Gas Zones as Part of the GFIadags ® -Technology ...... 210
References............................................................................................................. 212
10
Reactive (Oxygen) Gas Barrier
and Zone Technologies
Ronald Giese, Frank Ingolf Engelmann, Dietrich Swaboda, Uli Uhlig,
and Ludwig Luckner
CONTENTS
177
10.2 Gas-Water-Dynamics in the Groundwater Environment .................... 181
10.2.1 Basic Phenomena ........................................................................... 181
10.2.2 Example Test Facilities .................................................................. 182
10.2.3 Gas Injection and Gas-Water Displacement............................... 184
10.2.4 Gas Propagation and Storage ....................................................... 185
10.2.5 Gas Dissolution and Degassing................................................... 187
10.3 Techniques and Devices for RGBZ Formation ...................................... 189
10.3.1 Set of Available Technical Tools................................................... 189
10.3.2 Gas Injection Devices .................................................................... 191
10.3.2.1 Gas Lances........................................................................ 191
10.3.2.2 Gas Supply, Gas Mixing, and Distribution ................. 193
10.3.2.3 Safety Precautions........................................................... 194
10.3.3 Monitoring Devices ....................................................................... 195
10.3.3.1 Groundwater and Dissolved Gas Monitoring ............ 195
10.3.3.2 Gas Monitoring................................................................ 196
10.3.3.3 Gas Saturation Testing ................................................... 197
10.3.3.4 Soil Gas Monitoring........................................................ 198
10.3.4 Techniques for PRB Performance Control.................................. 200
10.4 Example Applications of the RGBZ Technology ................................... 200
10.4.1 The BIOXWAND Technology for
Ammonium Elimination .............................................................. 202
10.4.2 Oxygen Gas PRB for Risk Coverage of MNA of an
Organic Contaminant Plume ....................................................... 206
10.4.3 Reactive Gas Zones as Part of the GFIadags ® -Technology ...... 210
References............................................................................................................. 212
10
Reactive (Oxygen) Gas Barrier
and Zone Technologies
Ronald Giese, Frank Ingolf Engelmann, Dietrich Swaboda, Uli Uhlig,
and Ludwig Luckner
CONTENTS
177