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Effective Cleanup of Groundwater Contaminated with Radionuclides
• Depth (the most important factor): increasing depth requires more
specialized equipment, longer construction times, and is accompanied by higher costs
• Geotechnical considerations: soil/rock strength and presence of
obstacles
• Soil excavation: handling and disposal of (contaminated) soil
• Health and safety during construction (entry of personnel into
excavations)
The design of PRBs, as with any other technology, should meet the requirements of the best available technique (BAT). In most cases, it may be advantageous to develop a reliable conceptual site model and to perform pumping
and treatability tests. The conceptual design report should include the following information (Beitinger 2002):
• The amount and type of any emissions from the remediation scheme
and details of any emission control measures
• The volume and quality of any discharge or re-infiltration of treated
groundwater
• The power consumption (electricity, fuels, etc.)
• A description of any waste streams generated, and details of their
disposal
• Quantification of any material inputs, such as GAC, lime, and so on
• The remediation target levels
• The anticipated overall efficiency
• The anticipated maintenance requirements (manpower, parts)
• The monitoring requirements
• A detailed cost estimate (including the capital costs, construction
costs, operating costs, and decommissioning costs)
• A detailed health and safety evaluation of the project
9.4 Electrochemical Remediation
Technologies used to remediate contaminated soils, sediments, and groundwater based on physicochemical, thermal, and biological principles are
often costly, energy-intensive, ineffective, and create adverse environmental
impacts (Sharma and Reddy 2004). Low permeability and heterogeneities in
the layers and contaminant mixtures very often result in poor remediation
results. Electrochemical remediation is a promising approach in difficult site
conditions and has been extensively researched worldwide.
Effective Cleanup of Groundwater Contaminated with Radionuclides
• Depth (the most important factor): increasing depth requires more
specialized equipment, longer construction times, and is accompanied by higher costs
• Geotechnical considerations: soil/rock strength and presence of
obstacles
• Soil excavation: handling and disposal of (contaminated) soil
• Health and safety during construction (entry of personnel into
excavations)
The design of PRBs, as with any other technology, should meet the requirements of the best available technique (BAT). In most cases, it may be advantageous to develop a reliable conceptual site model and to perform pumping
and treatability tests. The conceptual design report should include the following information (Beitinger 2002):
• The amount and type of any emissions from the remediation scheme
and details of any emission control measures
• The volume and quality of any discharge or re-infiltration of treated
groundwater
• The power consumption (electricity, fuels, etc.)
• A description of any waste streams generated, and details of their
disposal
• Quantification of any material inputs, such as GAC, lime, and so on
• The remediation target levels
• The anticipated overall efficiency
• The anticipated maintenance requirements (manpower, parts)
• The monitoring requirements
• A detailed cost estimate (including the capital costs, construction
costs, operating costs, and decommissioning costs)
• A detailed health and safety evaluation of the project
9.4 Electrochemical Remediation
Technologies used to remediate contaminated soils, sediments, and groundwater based on physicochemical, thermal, and biological principles are
often costly, energy-intensive, ineffective, and create adverse environmental
impacts (Sharma and Reddy 2004). Low permeability and heterogeneities in
the layers and contaminant mixtures very often result in poor remediation
results. Electrochemical remediation is a promising approach in difficult site
conditions and has been extensively researched worldwide.