5.1 Introduction.................................................................................................. 87
5.2 Results and Discussions ............................................................................. 89
5.3 Conclusion (Recommendation for a Test Protocol to Check ZVI
and NZVI Brands and Production Batches for Proper Field
Application) .................................................................................................. 94
Acknowledgments ................................................................................................ 96
References............................................................................................................... 96
5
Impact of Trace Elements and Impurities
in Technical Zero-Valent Iron Brands on
Reductive Dechlorination of Chlorinated
Ethenes in Groundwater
Volker Birke, Christine Schuett, Harald Burmeier,
and Hans-Jürgen Friedrich
CONTENTS
5.1 Introduction
Zero-valent iron (ZVI) applied in engineered permeable reactive barriers
(PRBs) as well as application of nano and/or micro scale ZVI emulsions
(NZVIs) by in situ injection are effective in situ technologies for remediating groundwater plumes or source zones, respectively, which are contaminated by chlorinated volatile organic compounds (cVOCs) or certain heavy
metals.
However, ZVI or NZVI types used for these purposes so far have actually
been produced chiefly for entirely different industrial applications rather
than application to groundwater remediation, that is, they do not represent tailored reagents regarding their application to remediating contaminated sites. This contribution describes investigations and first results of a
study which has been performed during the second operational term of the
German research and development (R&D) PRB cluster “RUBIN” between
87
5.2 Results and Discussions ............................................................................. 89
5.3 Conclusion (Recommendation for a Test Protocol to Check ZVI
and NZVI Brands and Production Batches for Proper Field
Application) .................................................................................................. 94
Acknowledgments ................................................................................................ 96
References............................................................................................................... 96
5
Impact of Trace Elements and Impurities
in Technical Zero-Valent Iron Brands on
Reductive Dechlorination of Chlorinated
Ethenes in Groundwater
Volker Birke, Christine Schuett, Harald Burmeier,
and Hans-Jürgen Friedrich
CONTENTS
5.1 Introduction
Zero-valent iron (ZVI) applied in engineered permeable reactive barriers
(PRBs) as well as application of nano and/or micro scale ZVI emulsions
(NZVIs) by in situ injection are effective in situ technologies for remediating groundwater plumes or source zones, respectively, which are contaminated by chlorinated volatile organic compounds (cVOCs) or certain heavy
metals.
However, ZVI or NZVI types used for these purposes so far have actually
been produced chiefly for entirely different industrial applications rather
than application to groundwater remediation, that is, they do not represent tailored reagents regarding their application to remediating contaminated sites. This contribution describes investigations and first results of a
study which has been performed during the second operational term of the
German research and development (R&D) PRB cluster “RUBIN” between
87