288 A. Brekke et al.
References
Agyekum, E. O., Fortuin, K. P. J. & van der Harst, E. (2017). Environmental and
social life cycle assessment of bamboo bicycle frames made in Ghana. Journal of
Cleaner Production, 143, 1069–1080. doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.12.012.
Bento, A. M., & Klotz, R. (2014). Climate policy decisions require policy- based lifecycle analysis. Environmental Science and Technology, 48, 5379–5387. doi:10.1021/
es405164g.
Bidstrup, M. (2015). Life cycle thinking in impact assessment: Current practice and
LCA gains. Environmental Impact Assessment Review, 54, 72–79. doi:10.1016/j.eiar.
2015.05.003.
Brander, M., Tipper, R., Hutchison, C. & Davis, G. (2009). Consequential and Attributional Approaches to LCA: A Guide to Policy Makers with Specific Reference to Greenhouse Gas LCA of Biofuels (Vol. 44). Retrieved from https://ecometrica.com/
white- papers/consequential- and-attributional- approaches-to- lca-a- guide-to- policymakers- with-specific- reference-to- greenhouse-gas- lca-of- biofuels.
Bras- Klapwijk, R. M. (1998). Are life cycle assessments a threat to sound public
policy making? The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment, 3(6), 333–342.
doi:10.1007/bf02979344.
Cherubini, F., Stromman, A. H. & Ulgiati, S. (2011). Influence of allocation methods
on the environmental performance of biorefinery products: A case study. Resources,
Conservation and Recycling, 55(11), 1070–1077. doi:10.1016/j.resconrec.2011.06.001.
Cohen- Rosenthal, E. (2004). Making sense out of industrial ecology: A framework
for analysis and action. Journal of Cleaner Production, 12(8), 1111–1123. doi:10.1016/
j.jclepro.2004.02.009.
Councilor of Vestfold. (2012). Councilors Case and Decision Regarding the Establishment
of a New Biogas Plant in Vestfold County, Norway. Utkast rådmannens saksforelegg og
vedtak: Lokal gjenvinning av våtorganisk avfall i Vestfold og Grenland – en sak om investering i lokal avfallsinfrastruktur (“Grenland Vestfold Biogass AS”). Retrieved from www.
vesar.no/filarkiv/File/biogass/Utkast_raadmannens.pdf.
Di Maria, A., Eyckmans, J. & Van Acker, K. (2018). Downcycling versus recycling of
construction and demolition waste: Combining LCA and LCC to support sustainable policy making. Waste Management. doi:10.1016/j.wasman.2018.01.028.
EEA. (1997). Life Cycle Assessment (LCA): A guide to approaches, experiences and information sources. Retrieved from www.eea.europa.eu/publications/GH- 07-97-595-EN- C/
Issue- report-No- 6.pdf/view.
Ekvall, T., & Tillman, A.-M. (1997). Open- loop recycling: Criteria for allocation
procedures. International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment, 2(3), 155. doi:10.1007/
bf02978810.
Erkman, S. (1997). Industrial ecology: An historical view. Journal of Cleaner Production,
5(1), 1–10. doi:10.1016/S0959-6526(97)00003-6.
EU. (2009). Directive 2009/28/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council.
Retrieved from http://eur- lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=Oj:L:2009:
140:0016:0062:en:PDF.
European Commission – Joint Research Centre – Institute for Environment and Sustainability. (2010). International Reference Life Cycle Data System (ILCD) Handbook – General
guide for Life Cycle Assessment – Detailed Guidance. Retrieved from Luxembourg.
European Commission. (2013). Commission Recommendation of 9 April 2013 on the Use of
Common Methods to Measure and Communicate the Life Cycle Environmental Performance
References
Agyekum, E. O., Fortuin, K. P. J. & van der Harst, E. (2017). Environmental and
social life cycle assessment of bamboo bicycle frames made in Ghana. Journal of
Cleaner Production, 143, 1069–1080. doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.12.012.
Bento, A. M., & Klotz, R. (2014). Climate policy decisions require policy- based lifecycle analysis. Environmental Science and Technology, 48, 5379–5387. doi:10.1021/
es405164g.
Bidstrup, M. (2015). Life cycle thinking in impact assessment: Current practice and
LCA gains. Environmental Impact Assessment Review, 54, 72–79. doi:10.1016/j.eiar.
2015.05.003.
Brander, M., Tipper, R., Hutchison, C. & Davis, G. (2009). Consequential and Attributional Approaches to LCA: A Guide to Policy Makers with Specific Reference to Greenhouse Gas LCA of Biofuels (Vol. 44). Retrieved from https://ecometrica.com/
white- papers/consequential- and-attributional- approaches-to- lca-a- guide-to- policymakers- with-specific- reference-to- greenhouse-gas- lca-of- biofuels.
Bras- Klapwijk, R. M. (1998). Are life cycle assessments a threat to sound public
policy making? The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment, 3(6), 333–342.
doi:10.1007/bf02979344.
Cherubini, F., Stromman, A. H. & Ulgiati, S. (2011). Influence of allocation methods
on the environmental performance of biorefinery products: A case study. Resources,
Conservation and Recycling, 55(11), 1070–1077. doi:10.1016/j.resconrec.2011.06.001.
Cohen- Rosenthal, E. (2004). Making sense out of industrial ecology: A framework
for analysis and action. Journal of Cleaner Production, 12(8), 1111–1123. doi:10.1016/
j.jclepro.2004.02.009.
Councilor of Vestfold. (2012). Councilors Case and Decision Regarding the Establishment
of a New Biogas Plant in Vestfold County, Norway. Utkast rådmannens saksforelegg og
vedtak: Lokal gjenvinning av våtorganisk avfall i Vestfold og Grenland – en sak om investering i lokal avfallsinfrastruktur (“Grenland Vestfold Biogass AS”). Retrieved from www.
vesar.no/filarkiv/File/biogass/Utkast_raadmannens.pdf.
Di Maria, A., Eyckmans, J. & Van Acker, K. (2018). Downcycling versus recycling of
construction and demolition waste: Combining LCA and LCC to support sustainable policy making. Waste Management. doi:10.1016/j.wasman.2018.01.028.
EEA. (1997). Life Cycle Assessment (LCA): A guide to approaches, experiences and information sources. Retrieved from www.eea.europa.eu/publications/GH- 07-97-595-EN- C/
Issue- report-No- 6.pdf/view.
Ekvall, T., & Tillman, A.-M. (1997). Open- loop recycling: Criteria for allocation
procedures. International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment, 2(3), 155. doi:10.1007/
bf02978810.
Erkman, S. (1997). Industrial ecology: An historical view. Journal of Cleaner Production,
5(1), 1–10. doi:10.1016/S0959-6526(97)00003-6.
EU. (2009). Directive 2009/28/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council.
Retrieved from http://eur- lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=Oj:L:2009:
140:0016:0062:en:PDF.
European Commission – Joint Research Centre – Institute for Environment and Sustainability. (2010). International Reference Life Cycle Data System (ILCD) Handbook – General
guide for Life Cycle Assessment – Detailed Guidance. Retrieved from Luxembourg.
European Commission. (2013). Commission Recommendation of 9 April 2013 on the Use of
Common Methods to Measure and Communicate the Life Cycle Environmental Performance