Valorisation of whey 175
whey properties, as it is derived from two different processes, while the other
manufacturer only produces Greek yoghurt (interview with TINE and feed
producer).
9.3.3 Utilisation of sweet whey in Norway
Although TINE treats acid whey almost like it has no value, the same is not
true for sweet whey. Sweet whey is made into whey protein concentrate
(80% total whey protein content) and its coproduct whey permeate (milk
solid) at two new facilities located in Jæren and Verdal. Whey permeate contains 85% lactose and only 3% protein, and can be used as an ingredient in
bakery products, confectionary, dairy products, sauces, drinks and similar food
products. Whey raw materials are supplied by TINE from its production of
yellow cheese. The facilities went into operation in 2013 and were built
(Jæren) or upgraded (Verdal) with technical assistance from AFI, with whom
TINE has had a partnership based around whey since 2008 (Arla Foods
Ingredients, 2018a). This partnership also stipulates that AFI is the sole distributor in export markets of all the whey protein concentrate and whey permeate produced by TINE. TINE exports around 2,800 tons of whey protein
concentrate and 21,000 tons of whey permeate each year through AFI (Vik
& Kvam, 2017). Prior to 2008, TINE relied on different traders for whey
powder exports (ibid.). The partnership gives TINE access to AFI’s global sales
channels and in turn helps AFI to increase its global market share. AFI has furthermore invested in infrastructure, logistics and quality systems to facilitate
the export of Norwegian whey- based substances (Vik & Kvam, 2017).
9.4 The dairy sector in Denmark
Danish dairies have received worldwide recognition for their processing skills
and product quality, and their products are present across the world. The
Danish dairy sector comprises 28 companies and 54 production plants,
processing around 4.9 billion kg milk (Danish Dairy Board, 2018a). Cooperatives of milk producers are the dominant ownership model and 97% of the
milk produced in Denmark is supplied to cooperative dairy companies. Over
the last century the number of dairy companies fell dramatically to the present
level (see below).
Arla Foods is by far the biggest dairy company and cooperative in Denmark
and Sweden. In 2017, Arla Foods processed 87% of the Danish milk pool
(Danish Agriculture & Food Council, 2018) and 66% of the Swedish milk pool.
In Denmark, the remaining dairies are both cooperatively and privately owned
companies. They typically specialise in specific product areas within cheese,
butter and liquid milk production (Danish Agriculture & Food Council, 2018).
A large part of their production is exported by specialised exporters.
As in Norway, the Danish dairy sector has gone through tremendous
structural changes over the last decade, with production now taking place on
whey properties, as it is derived from two different processes, while the other
manufacturer only produces Greek yoghurt (interview with TINE and feed
producer).
9.3.3 Utilisation of sweet whey in Norway
Although TINE treats acid whey almost like it has no value, the same is not
true for sweet whey. Sweet whey is made into whey protein concentrate
(80% total whey protein content) and its coproduct whey permeate (milk
solid) at two new facilities located in Jæren and Verdal. Whey permeate contains 85% lactose and only 3% protein, and can be used as an ingredient in
bakery products, confectionary, dairy products, sauces, drinks and similar food
products. Whey raw materials are supplied by TINE from its production of
yellow cheese. The facilities went into operation in 2013 and were built
(Jæren) or upgraded (Verdal) with technical assistance from AFI, with whom
TINE has had a partnership based around whey since 2008 (Arla Foods
Ingredients, 2018a). This partnership also stipulates that AFI is the sole distributor in export markets of all the whey protein concentrate and whey permeate produced by TINE. TINE exports around 2,800 tons of whey protein
concentrate and 21,000 tons of whey permeate each year through AFI (Vik
& Kvam, 2017). Prior to 2008, TINE relied on different traders for whey
powder exports (ibid.). The partnership gives TINE access to AFI’s global sales
channels and in turn helps AFI to increase its global market share. AFI has furthermore invested in infrastructure, logistics and quality systems to facilitate
the export of Norwegian whey- based substances (Vik & Kvam, 2017).
9.4 The dairy sector in Denmark
Danish dairies have received worldwide recognition for their processing skills
and product quality, and their products are present across the world. The
Danish dairy sector comprises 28 companies and 54 production plants,
processing around 4.9 billion kg milk (Danish Dairy Board, 2018a). Cooperatives of milk producers are the dominant ownership model and 97% of the
milk produced in Denmark is supplied to cooperative dairy companies. Over
the last century the number of dairy companies fell dramatically to the present
level (see below).
Arla Foods is by far the biggest dairy company and cooperative in Denmark
and Sweden. In 2017, Arla Foods processed 87% of the Danish milk pool
(Danish Agriculture & Food Council, 2018) and 66% of the Swedish milk pool.
In Denmark, the remaining dairies are both cooperatively and privately owned
companies. They typically specialise in specific product areas within cheese,
butter and liquid milk production (Danish Agriculture & Food Council, 2018).
A large part of their production is exported by specialised exporters.
As in Norway, the Danish dairy sector has gone through tremendous
structural changes over the last decade, with production now taking place on