333
created by Provincial Law XVI-N° 29 (formerly 2932) is formed by: 22 Provincial
Parks – (157,567 ha), 2 Natural Monuments (416 ha), 3 Ictic Reserves (963 ha), 2
Natural Cultural Reserves (15,695 ha), 3 Multiple Use Reserves (500 ha), 2
Protected Landscapes (8012 ha), 22 Private Reserves (10,450 ha), 5 Municipal
Natural Parks (2029 ha), and the Yaboti Biosphere Reserve of provincial jurisdiction
(YBR, 236,313 ha). The YBR includes the following reserves: Provincial Parks
Esmeralda, Moconá and Caá Yarí, Experimental Reserve Guaraní (Universidad
Nacional de Misiones), and the Cultural Reserve Papel Misionero. In addition, there
are two areas of provincial jurisdiction that intends to avoid uses of deep ecological
impacts: the “Corredor Verde” (1,108,000 ha) and Riverside Parkway (260,082 ha).
They constitute a biological corridor that crosses the Alto Paraná Rainforest, covering a mosaic of landscapes that includes protected areas, private properties of
diverse use, agricultural colonies with varied socioeconomic situations, indigenous
communities, and areas of land use and tenure conflicts. It involves 22 municipalities and about 37% of the provincial surface.
National jurisdiction is restricted to the Iguazú National Park (67,620 ha) and the
Strict Natural Reserve San Antonio (400 ha). The Iguazú National Park was designated a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 1984 and the Iguazú Falls one of the
new wonders of the world (https://www.parquesnacionales.gob.ar/areas-protected/
region-noreste/pn-iguazu).
12.3 General Considerations from a Breeding Point of View
for a Sustainable Management of the Argentinean
Rainforests
Both subtropical rainforests are the southern edge of larger formations from neighboring countries and are separated by a huge phytogeographic region called “Great
American Chaco” (see Chap. 8). However, the Yungas and the Alto Paraná Rainforest
share some tree genus of trade importance, such as Cedrela, Cordia, Jacaranda,
Enterolobium, Handroanthus, Anadenanthera, Parapiptadenia, and Chlorophora
(Tortorelli 2009), with species having disjunct ranges, such as Cordia trichotoma,
Anadenanthera colubrina var. cebil, Patagonula americana, and Enterolobium contortisiliquum, among others.
There is a considerable confusion regarding the taxonomy of Cordia genus.
Variations in climate, soil, and altitude within their extensive natural distributions
contribute to great differences in the flowering phenology and fruit production and
also on morphological features such as the size of flowers and leaves. Therefore,
there are doubts about whether Cordia trichotoma, which grows in Brazil and
Argentina, is really a different species or just a variety of Cordia alliodora (Liegel
and Stead 1990). In the same sense, Gottschling (2005) studied the congruence of a
phylogeny of Cordiaceae (Boraginales) inferred from ITS1 sequence data with morphology, ecology, and biogeography issues, finding a great genetic similarity
12 Subtropical Rainforests: The Yungas and the Alto Paraná Rainforest
created by Provincial Law XVI-N° 29 (formerly 2932) is formed by: 22 Provincial
Parks – (157,567 ha), 2 Natural Monuments (416 ha), 3 Ictic Reserves (963 ha), 2
Natural Cultural Reserves (15,695 ha), 3 Multiple Use Reserves (500 ha), 2
Protected Landscapes (8012 ha), 22 Private Reserves (10,450 ha), 5 Municipal
Natural Parks (2029 ha), and the Yaboti Biosphere Reserve of provincial jurisdiction
(YBR, 236,313 ha). The YBR includes the following reserves: Provincial Parks
Esmeralda, Moconá and Caá Yarí, Experimental Reserve Guaraní (Universidad
Nacional de Misiones), and the Cultural Reserve Papel Misionero. In addition, there
are two areas of provincial jurisdiction that intends to avoid uses of deep ecological
impacts: the “Corredor Verde” (1,108,000 ha) and Riverside Parkway (260,082 ha).
They constitute a biological corridor that crosses the Alto Paraná Rainforest, covering a mosaic of landscapes that includes protected areas, private properties of
diverse use, agricultural colonies with varied socioeconomic situations, indigenous
communities, and areas of land use and tenure conflicts. It involves 22 municipalities and about 37% of the provincial surface.
National jurisdiction is restricted to the Iguazú National Park (67,620 ha) and the
Strict Natural Reserve San Antonio (400 ha). The Iguazú National Park was designated a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 1984 and the Iguazú Falls one of the
new wonders of the world (https://www.parquesnacionales.gob.ar/areas-protected/
region-noreste/pn-iguazu).
12.3 General Considerations from a Breeding Point of View
for a Sustainable Management of the Argentinean
Rainforests
Both subtropical rainforests are the southern edge of larger formations from neighboring countries and are separated by a huge phytogeographic region called “Great
American Chaco” (see Chap. 8). However, the Yungas and the Alto Paraná Rainforest
share some tree genus of trade importance, such as Cedrela, Cordia, Jacaranda,
Enterolobium, Handroanthus, Anadenanthera, Parapiptadenia, and Chlorophora
(Tortorelli 2009), with species having disjunct ranges, such as Cordia trichotoma,
Anadenanthera colubrina var. cebil, Patagonula americana, and Enterolobium contortisiliquum, among others.
There is a considerable confusion regarding the taxonomy of Cordia genus.
Variations in climate, soil, and altitude within their extensive natural distributions
contribute to great differences in the flowering phenology and fruit production and
also on morphological features such as the size of flowers and leaves. Therefore,
there are doubts about whether Cordia trichotoma, which grows in Brazil and
Argentina, is really a different species or just a variety of Cordia alliodora (Liegel
and Stead 1990). In the same sense, Gottschling (2005) studied the congruence of a
phylogeny of Cordiaceae (Boraginales) inferred from ITS1 sequence data with morphology, ecology, and biogeography issues, finding a great genetic similarity
12 Subtropical Rainforests: The Yungas and the Alto Paraná Rainforest