265
since being group 1 only 7% of the stand trees, it participated in 47% of all the
crosses. If we add to this, the low preference of groups 2 and 3 to mate with themselves, it would be expected that the offspring in the stand have a significant genetic
component coming from group 1. According to these results, in the long term, a loss
of the genetic identity of the P. chilensis population is expected as a genetically differentiable group.
With respect to pure species, hybrids seem to have adaptive advantages for their
development in environments that have been modified by human action. Additionally,
considering that P. chilensis populations have been affected by logging and that this
species has limited its development in these increasingly extensive environments in
the region, in the long term, the disappearance of the group as an entity could be
expected, even without the negative effect on these populations as a result of anthropogenic action. To advance and deepen the knowledge of the behavior of the flowering and mating system of the hybrid swarm, controlled crosses are being carried out
to effectively determine the possible crosses in the stand, complementing this study
with the use of molecular markers (microsatellites).
References
Aguilar DL, Acosta MC, Baranzelli MC, Sérsic AN, Delatorre-Herrera J, Verga A, Cosacov A
(2020) Ecophylogeography of the disjunct South American xerophytic tree species Prosopis
chilensis (Fabaceae). Biol J Linn Soc 20:1–17
Aitken SN, Whitlock MC (2013) Assisted gene flow to facilitate local adaptation to climate change.
Annu Rev Ecol Evol Syst 44:367–388
Aitken S, Yeaman S, Holliday J, Wang T, Sierra M (2008) Adaptation, migration or extirpation:
climate change outcomes for tree populations. Evol Appl 1:95–111
Arnold M (1997) Natural hybridization and evolution. Oxford University press, Oxford
Austerlitz F, Smouse PE (2001) Two-generation analysis of pollen flow across a landscape.
II. Relation between FFT, pollen dispersal and interfemale distance. Genetics 157:851–857
Austerlitz F, Smouse PE (2002) Two-generation analysis of pollen flow across a landscape. IV
Estimating the dispersal parameter. Genetics 161:355–363
Avise JC (2000) Phylogeography: the history and formation of species. Harvard University Press,
Cambridge, MA
Bandelt HJ, Forster P, Röhl A (1999) Median-joining networks for inferring intraspecific phylogenies. Mol Biol Evol 16:37–48
Barton NH (2001) The role of hybridization in evolution. Mol Ecol 10:551–568
Bessega C, Ferreyra L, Vilardi J, Saidman BO (2000) Unexpected low genetic differentiation among
allopatric species of section Algarobia of Prosopis (Leguminosae). Genetica 109:255–266
Bessega C, Saidman BO, Darquier MR (2009) Consistency between marker- and genealogy-based
heritability estimates in an experimental stand of Prosopis alba (Leguminosae). Am J Bot
96:458–465
Bessega C, Pometti CL, Ewens M, Saidman BO, Vilardi JC (2011) Strategies for conservation for
disturbed Prosopis alba (Leguminosae, Mimosoidae) forests based on mating system and pollen dispersal parameters. Tree Genet Genome 8:277–288
Bessega C, Pometti CL, Miller JT, Watts R, Saidman BO, Vilardi JC (2013) New microsatellite
loci for Prosopis alba and P. chilensis (Fabaceae). Appl. Plant Sci 1:1200324
Bessega C, Pometti C, Ewens M (2015) Evidences of local adaptation in quantitative traits in
Prosopis alba (Leguminosae). Genetica 143:31–44
9 Genetic Variation Patterns of “Algarrobos” from the “Great American Chaco…
since being group 1 only 7% of the stand trees, it participated in 47% of all the
crosses. If we add to this, the low preference of groups 2 and 3 to mate with themselves, it would be expected that the offspring in the stand have a significant genetic
component coming from group 1. According to these results, in the long term, a loss
of the genetic identity of the P. chilensis population is expected as a genetically differentiable group.
With respect to pure species, hybrids seem to have adaptive advantages for their
development in environments that have been modified by human action. Additionally,
considering that P. chilensis populations have been affected by logging and that this
species has limited its development in these increasingly extensive environments in
the region, in the long term, the disappearance of the group as an entity could be
expected, even without the negative effect on these populations as a result of anthropogenic action. To advance and deepen the knowledge of the behavior of the flowering and mating system of the hybrid swarm, controlled crosses are being carried out
to effectively determine the possible crosses in the stand, complementing this study
with the use of molecular markers (microsatellites).
References
Aguilar DL, Acosta MC, Baranzelli MC, Sérsic AN, Delatorre-Herrera J, Verga A, Cosacov A
(2020) Ecophylogeography of the disjunct South American xerophytic tree species Prosopis
chilensis (Fabaceae). Biol J Linn Soc 20:1–17
Aitken SN, Whitlock MC (2013) Assisted gene flow to facilitate local adaptation to climate change.
Annu Rev Ecol Evol Syst 44:367–388
Aitken S, Yeaman S, Holliday J, Wang T, Sierra M (2008) Adaptation, migration or extirpation:
climate change outcomes for tree populations. Evol Appl 1:95–111
Arnold M (1997) Natural hybridization and evolution. Oxford University press, Oxford
Austerlitz F, Smouse PE (2001) Two-generation analysis of pollen flow across a landscape.
II. Relation between FFT, pollen dispersal and interfemale distance. Genetics 157:851–857
Austerlitz F, Smouse PE (2002) Two-generation analysis of pollen flow across a landscape. IV
Estimating the dispersal parameter. Genetics 161:355–363
Avise JC (2000) Phylogeography: the history and formation of species. Harvard University Press,
Cambridge, MA
Bandelt HJ, Forster P, Röhl A (1999) Median-joining networks for inferring intraspecific phylogenies. Mol Biol Evol 16:37–48
Barton NH (2001) The role of hybridization in evolution. Mol Ecol 10:551–568
Bessega C, Ferreyra L, Vilardi J, Saidman BO (2000) Unexpected low genetic differentiation among
allopatric species of section Algarobia of Prosopis (Leguminosae). Genetica 109:255–266
Bessega C, Saidman BO, Darquier MR (2009) Consistency between marker- and genealogy-based
heritability estimates in an experimental stand of Prosopis alba (Leguminosae). Am J Bot
96:458–465
Bessega C, Pometti CL, Ewens M, Saidman BO, Vilardi JC (2011) Strategies for conservation for
disturbed Prosopis alba (Leguminosae, Mimosoidae) forests based on mating system and pollen dispersal parameters. Tree Genet Genome 8:277–288
Bessega C, Pometti CL, Miller JT, Watts R, Saidman BO, Vilardi JC (2013) New microsatellite
loci for Prosopis alba and P. chilensis (Fabaceae). Appl. Plant Sci 1:1200324
Bessega C, Pometti C, Ewens M (2015) Evidences of local adaptation in quantitative traits in
Prosopis alba (Leguminosae). Genetica 143:31–44
9 Genetic Variation Patterns of “Algarrobos” from the “Great American Chaco…