Index 261
regulator of, 100
reservoirs, 69
eutrophication, 161–165
accumulation of radioactivity, 165
ammonium nitrogen, 162
biomagnification, 165
compensation point, 164
decomposing microorganisms, 162
emergence of toxicity, 164
euphotic zone, 164
less clarity, 164
limiting factor, 163
nutritive salts, 163
oxygen depletion, 164
photosynthesis, 163
poisoning cases, 164–165
scum creation, 165
self-perpetuating eutrophication,
164
Nitrosomonas, 69
Noise pollution, 121–123
acceptable limit, 122
black spots, 122
causes of noise, 121
characteristic cases, 121
grey spots, 122
importance of problem, 122
negative effects on animal species,
121
typical noise levels, 121
Non-governmental organisations
(NGOs), 213
Nucleic acids, 13
o
Ocean
function, 98
oil introduced into, 167
oxygen and nutrient profiles in, 79
temperate, 23
upward currents, 72
Olea europea, 104
Oligotrophism, 78
Olive groves, 97
Organisation, see Ecosystem level,
organisation at; Population
level, organisation at
Organisms and environmental factors,
11–23
categories of organisms, 11–12
autotrophic organisms, 12
bacteria, 12
chemosynthetic organisms, 12
criteria, 11–12
food, 11
fungi, 12
heterotrophic organisms, 12
metabolism, 11
single-celled organisms, 12
viruses, 11
chemical composition of the cell,
12–13
cellulose, 13
DNA, 13
lipids, 13
nucleic acids, 13
polymeric compounds, 13
polysaccharides, 13
proteins, 13
RNA, 13
starch, 13
trace elements, 13
interaction of organisms and
environment, 17–23
aphotic zone, 23
atmospheric humidity, 19
dysphotic zone, 22
energy transfer, 17
environmental factors, 17
euphotic zone, 22
fish, 19
gamma radioactivity, 20
greenhouse effect, 23
heat convection, 18
homeothermic animals, 18
incident radiation, ultraviolet
portion of, 20
photosynthesis, 18, 20
physical factors, 17–23
poikilothermic animals, 19
radiation, 19–23
reptiles, 19
solar radiation, 19, 21
Stefan-Boltzmann relationship, 23
temperate oceans, 23
temperature, wind, humidity,
18–19
thermal pollution, 19
limiting nutrient, 16–17
decrease of, 17
environmental parameter, 16
law of the minimum, 16
regulator of, 100
reservoirs, 69
eutrophication, 161–165
accumulation of radioactivity, 165
ammonium nitrogen, 162
biomagnification, 165
compensation point, 164
decomposing microorganisms, 162
emergence of toxicity, 164
euphotic zone, 164
less clarity, 164
limiting factor, 163
nutritive salts, 163
oxygen depletion, 164
photosynthesis, 163
poisoning cases, 164–165
scum creation, 165
self-perpetuating eutrophication,
164
Nitrosomonas, 69
Noise pollution, 121–123
acceptable limit, 122
black spots, 122
causes of noise, 121
characteristic cases, 121
grey spots, 122
importance of problem, 122
negative effects on animal species,
121
typical noise levels, 121
Non-governmental organisations
(NGOs), 213
Nucleic acids, 13
o
Ocean
function, 98
oil introduced into, 167
oxygen and nutrient profiles in, 79
temperate, 23
upward currents, 72
Olea europea, 104
Oligotrophism, 78
Olive groves, 97
Organisation, see Ecosystem level,
organisation at; Population
level, organisation at
Organisms and environmental factors,
11–23
categories of organisms, 11–12
autotrophic organisms, 12
bacteria, 12
chemosynthetic organisms, 12
criteria, 11–12
food, 11
fungi, 12
heterotrophic organisms, 12
metabolism, 11
single-celled organisms, 12
viruses, 11
chemical composition of the cell,
12–13
cellulose, 13
DNA, 13
lipids, 13
nucleic acids, 13
polymeric compounds, 13
polysaccharides, 13
proteins, 13
RNA, 13
starch, 13
trace elements, 13
interaction of organisms and
environment, 17–23
aphotic zone, 23
atmospheric humidity, 19
dysphotic zone, 22
energy transfer, 17
environmental factors, 17
euphotic zone, 22
fish, 19
gamma radioactivity, 20
greenhouse effect, 23
heat convection, 18
homeothermic animals, 18
incident radiation, ultraviolet
portion of, 20
photosynthesis, 18, 20
physical factors, 17–23
poikilothermic animals, 19
radiation, 19–23
reptiles, 19
solar radiation, 19, 21
Stefan-Boltzmann relationship, 23
temperate oceans, 23
temperature, wind, humidity,
18–19
thermal pollution, 19
limiting nutrient, 16–17
decrease of, 17
environmental parameter, 16
law of the minimum, 16