Table 2.5
Functional response type and parameters of different lady beetles to various kinds of prey
Predator species
Prey species
Type
Search rate (h
À1
) or
b (Type III)
Handling time
(h)
Arena
Study (Model)
Oenopia conglobata
Aganoscena
pistaciae
II
0.0469
0.0152
Petri dish (Pistachio leaf disc) Hassani et al.
(2004)
Exochomus
nigromaculatus
(4th
instar larvae)
Aphis nerii
II
1.24
0.006
Petri dish (Host plant leaf)
Nazari et al.
(2005) Disc
equation
Exochomus
nigromaculatus
(Female)
Aphis nerii
II
1.12
0.007
Petri dish (Host plant leaf)
Nazari et al.
(2005) (Disc
equation)
Exochomus
nigromaculatus
(4th
instar larvae)
Aphis
craccivora
II
1.17
0.009
(Host plant leaf) Petri dish
Nazari et al.
(2005) (Disc
equation)
Exochomus
nigromaculatus
(Female)
Aphis
craccivora
II
1.01
0.008
(Host plant leaf) Petri dish
Nazari et al.
(2005) (Disc
equation)
Adalia bipunctata
(4th
instar larvae)
Aphis punicae
II
0.22
Æ 0.037
0.073
Æ 0.021
Pomegranate leaf disc
Dehghan
Dehnavi et al.
(2007)
Adalia bipunctata
(Female)
Aphis punicae
II
0.144
Æ 0.031
0.084
Æ 0.037
Pomegranate leaf disc
Dehghan
Dehnavi et al.
(2007)
Scymnus syriacus
(Female)
Aphis fabae
II
0.123
Æ 0.007
0.4349
Æ 0.012
Plastic container (15x13 cm). Sabaghi et al.
(2011a)
Scymnus syriacus
(Male) Aphis fabae
II
0.115
Æ 0.008
0.5145
Æ 0.0169 Plastic container (15x13 cm). Sabaghi et al.
(2011a )
Scymnus syriacus
(Female)
Aphis
craccivora
III
Different values
–
Broad bean leaf at
five different arenas (195, 247, 304, 385
and 650 cm
2
)
Sabaghi et al.
(2011b)
(continued)
2 Lady Beetles; Lots of Efforts but few Successes
67