Table 2.3
Functional response type and parameters of Hippodamia variegata
to different aphid species
Aphid species
Predator life stage
Type Search rate (h
À1
)
Handling time (h) Arena
Reference and model used
Aphis fabae
Female
II
0.00078
Æ 0.0000111 0.1774
Æ 0.0004
Plexiglas cage
(6*11*23 cm)
Jafari and Goldasteh (2009) (Disc
equation)
Aphis fabae
Female
II
0.00093
Æ 0.000201
0.1999
Æ 0.0094
Plexiglas cage
(6*11*23 cm)
Jafari and Goldasteh (2009) (Random predator equation)
Aphis fabae
1st instar larvae
II
0.0634
Æ 0.0164
6.9332
Æ 0.6657
Petri dish
Farhadi et al. (2010)
Aphis fabae
2nd instar larvae
II
0.0596
Æ 0.0103
3.3433
Æ 0.24
Petri dish
Farhadi et al. (2010)
Aphis fabae
3rd instar larvae
II
0.1031
Æ 0.0293
1.9099
Æ 0.1272
Petri dish
Farhadi et al. (2010)
Aphis fabae
4th instar larvae
II
0.1138
Æ 0.0223
0.4547
Æ 0.028
Petri dish
Farhadi et al. (2010)
Aphis fabae
Females
II
0.0926
Æ 0.0212
0.4098
Æ 0.048
Petri dish
Farhadi et al. (2010)
Aphis fabae
Males
II
0.1589
Æ 0.0435
1.1945
Æ 0.0691
Petri dish
Farhadi et al. (2010)
Aphis nerii
4th instar larvae
II
0.862
0.289
Petri dish
Esmaeily et al. (2011)
Aphis gossypii
3rd instar larvae
II
0.033
Æ 0.006
0.074
Æ 0.041
Three- dimensionalset-up
Madadi et al. (2011) (Disc
equation)
Aphis gossypii
4th instar larvae
II
0.039
Æ 0.002
0.023
Æ 0.01
Three- dimensionalset-up
Madadi et al. (2011) (Disc
equation)
Aphis gossypii
Females
II
0.043
Æ 0.002
0.102
Æ 0.013
Three- dimensionalset-up
Madadi et al. (2011) (Disc
equation)
Aphis gossypii
3rd instar larvae
II
0.099
Æ 0.014
0.057
Æ 0.023
Cucumber Leaf disc
Madadi et al. (2011) (Random
predator equation)
Aphis gossypii
4th instar larvae
II
0.122
Æ 0.014
0.06
Æ 0.016
Cucumber Leaf disc
Madadi et al. (2011) (Random
predator equation)
Aphis gossypii
Females
II
0.094
Æ 0.002
0.112
Æ 0.018
Cucumber Leaf disc
Madadi et al. (2011) (Random
predator equation)
Acyrthosiphon
pisum
3rd. instar larvae
II
0.066
Æ 0.009
0.074
Æ 0.031
Petri dish
Madadi et al. (2011)
Acyrthosiphon
pisum
4th instar larvae
II
0.06
Æ 0.005
0.002
Æ 0.024
Petri dish
Madadi et al. (2011)
(continued)
2 Lady Beetles; Lots of Efforts but few Successes
59
Functional response type and parameters of Hippodamia variegata
to different aphid species
Aphid species
Predator life stage
Type Search rate (h
À1
)
Handling time (h) Arena
Reference and model used
Aphis fabae
Female
II
0.00078
Æ 0.0000111 0.1774
Æ 0.0004
Plexiglas cage
(6*11*23 cm)
Jafari and Goldasteh (2009) (Disc
equation)
Aphis fabae
Female
II
0.00093
Æ 0.000201
0.1999
Æ 0.0094
Plexiglas cage
(6*11*23 cm)
Jafari and Goldasteh (2009) (Random predator equation)
Aphis fabae
1st instar larvae
II
0.0634
Æ 0.0164
6.9332
Æ 0.6657
Petri dish
Farhadi et al. (2010)
Aphis fabae
2nd instar larvae
II
0.0596
Æ 0.0103
3.3433
Æ 0.24
Petri dish
Farhadi et al. (2010)
Aphis fabae
3rd instar larvae
II
0.1031
Æ 0.0293
1.9099
Æ 0.1272
Petri dish
Farhadi et al. (2010)
Aphis fabae
4th instar larvae
II
0.1138
Æ 0.0223
0.4547
Æ 0.028
Petri dish
Farhadi et al. (2010)
Aphis fabae
Females
II
0.0926
Æ 0.0212
0.4098
Æ 0.048
Petri dish
Farhadi et al. (2010)
Aphis fabae
Males
II
0.1589
Æ 0.0435
1.1945
Æ 0.0691
Petri dish
Farhadi et al. (2010)
Aphis nerii
4th instar larvae
II
0.862
0.289
Petri dish
Esmaeily et al. (2011)
Aphis gossypii
3rd instar larvae
II
0.033
Æ 0.006
0.074
Æ 0.041
Three- dimensionalset-up
Madadi et al. (2011) (Disc
equation)
Aphis gossypii
4th instar larvae
II
0.039
Æ 0.002
0.023
Æ 0.01
Three- dimensionalset-up
Madadi et al. (2011) (Disc
equation)
Aphis gossypii
Females
II
0.043
Æ 0.002
0.102
Æ 0.013
Three- dimensionalset-up
Madadi et al. (2011) (Disc
equation)
Aphis gossypii
3rd instar larvae
II
0.099
Æ 0.014
0.057
Æ 0.023
Cucumber Leaf disc
Madadi et al. (2011) (Random
predator equation)
Aphis gossypii
4th instar larvae
II
0.122
Æ 0.014
0.06
Æ 0.016
Cucumber Leaf disc
Madadi et al. (2011) (Random
predator equation)
Aphis gossypii
Females
II
0.094
Æ 0.002
0.112
Æ 0.018
Cucumber Leaf disc
Madadi et al. (2011) (Random
predator equation)
Acyrthosiphon
pisum
3rd. instar larvae
II
0.066
Æ 0.009
0.074
Æ 0.031
Petri dish
Madadi et al. (2011)
Acyrthosiphon
pisum
4th instar larvae
II
0.06
Æ 0.005
0.002
Æ 0.024
Petri dish
Madadi et al. (2011)
(continued)
2 Lady Beetles; Lots of Efforts but few Successes
59