considering BC as the cornerstone, interests for BCA application increased and a
large number of chemical pesticides discontinued. Another model is the policy
strategy of China which launched a plan for the reduction of chemicals and development of non-chemical manner including BC with 340 million US$. The main
recommendations for improving the BC implementation suggest here.
1. Considering IOBC recommendations for dealing with important pests in the
country as well as compatibility and capabilities of natural enemies to Iranian
conditions, and planning and applications of experiences in other countries.
2. Define the updated standards required and recognized for BC to apply only those
high-quality BCAs into the market.
3. Revise the guidelines on the production and application of chemical pesticides,
strict application of pesticides and more attention to behavior-based tactics
including pheromones.
4. For accelerating BC plans, especially open space plans, there should be a
maternal product line (Ephestia kuehniella egg production line) for adequate,
timely, and high-quality supply in the country. For this purpose, it is better to
acquire the technical knowledge required by the private sector and transfer it to
the country.
5. Specializing production units (insectaries) to focus on qualified agent production
so that by enhancing their technical knowledge, they can produce and store
throughout the year so, the need for instantaneous production capacities is met.
6. Monitoring the final result of BC plans. This monitoring should focus more on
performance and result rather than on inputs. Here, it is imperative to comply with
the residual limit on chemicals required to encourage farmers to use BC as much
as possible.
7. Encouraging private sector investment and removing obstacles are among the
other requirements for the development of production, business and use of BC in
the country. An important factor in developing the agricultural section and
therefore, BC is the active presence of the private sector while high economic
risk, lack of rapid return of capital, administrative bureaucracy and the legal gap
in the field of license and permission prevent this active presence.
8. Encourage the involving NGOs with BC to work on side effects and residue
levels of pesticides and their illegal application to increase public knowledge,
restricted use of chemicals and promote the BC activities (van Lenteren et al.
2018).
9. Use of startups capability for interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary programs,
suitable for engaging a new generation of graduates.
Acknowledgment Finalizing this chapter about biocontrol challenges and status was so harder
than we thought it. Many people helped us during preperation this job. The authors appreciate
providing data and information about the biocontrol plan by “Plant Protection Organization” of
Iran. We thank Gary B Dunphy for his comments and edit the final draft. Ahmad Hemet Abadi
helped the first author with his experience about the biocontrol producers and had some suggests for
the work which acknowledges him. Also Hossein Ranjbar Aghdam and Ahmad Ashouri provided
some basic data for the first author who acknowledges him. Ali Rezaei helped us by sharing his
17 Analytical Approach to Opportunities and Obstacles of Iranian Biological. . .
619
large number of chemical pesticides discontinued. Another model is the policy
strategy of China which launched a plan for the reduction of chemicals and development of non-chemical manner including BC with 340 million US$. The main
recommendations for improving the BC implementation suggest here.
1. Considering IOBC recommendations for dealing with important pests in the
country as well as compatibility and capabilities of natural enemies to Iranian
conditions, and planning and applications of experiences in other countries.
2. Define the updated standards required and recognized for BC to apply only those
high-quality BCAs into the market.
3. Revise the guidelines on the production and application of chemical pesticides,
strict application of pesticides and more attention to behavior-based tactics
including pheromones.
4. For accelerating BC plans, especially open space plans, there should be a
maternal product line (Ephestia kuehniella egg production line) for adequate,
timely, and high-quality supply in the country. For this purpose, it is better to
acquire the technical knowledge required by the private sector and transfer it to
the country.
5. Specializing production units (insectaries) to focus on qualified agent production
so that by enhancing their technical knowledge, they can produce and store
throughout the year so, the need for instantaneous production capacities is met.
6. Monitoring the final result of BC plans. This monitoring should focus more on
performance and result rather than on inputs. Here, it is imperative to comply with
the residual limit on chemicals required to encourage farmers to use BC as much
as possible.
7. Encouraging private sector investment and removing obstacles are among the
other requirements for the development of production, business and use of BC in
the country. An important factor in developing the agricultural section and
therefore, BC is the active presence of the private sector while high economic
risk, lack of rapid return of capital, administrative bureaucracy and the legal gap
in the field of license and permission prevent this active presence.
8. Encourage the involving NGOs with BC to work on side effects and residue
levels of pesticides and their illegal application to increase public knowledge,
restricted use of chemicals and promote the BC activities (van Lenteren et al.
2018).
9. Use of startups capability for interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary programs,
suitable for engaging a new generation of graduates.
Acknowledgment Finalizing this chapter about biocontrol challenges and status was so harder
than we thought it. Many people helped us during preperation this job. The authors appreciate
providing data and information about the biocontrol plan by “Plant Protection Organization” of
Iran. We thank Gary B Dunphy for his comments and edit the final draft. Ahmad Hemet Abadi
helped the first author with his experience about the biocontrol producers and had some suggests for
the work which acknowledges him. Also Hossein Ranjbar Aghdam and Ahmad Ashouri provided
some basic data for the first author who acknowledges him. Ali Rezaei helped us by sharing his
17 Analytical Approach to Opportunities and Obstacles of Iranian Biological. . .
619