each MCA for each target/product which is borne by the emerging private sector, it is
suggested to assist the producers financially or accelerate the registration procedures.
To support the mass production, it is also necessary to provide credits for the
establishment and equipment of the R &D units, which supports all stages relating
to production, package, storage, transport and field persistence and efficacy. One
recommends the implementation a coherent plan through the involvement of
non-governmental organizations (NGOs) to enhance the technical and technological
knowledge of the private sector.
Today, microbial pesticides play an important role in pest management as well
organic farming and because of their application manner, fewer limitations with their
similarity to conventional pesticides application, they are readily accepted by
farmers and can play a significant role in the development of BC in the country.
The Expert Committee for Supervision and Registration of Biological Pest Control
Products in the PPO could provide more options for increasing the use of microbial
pesticides, especially under greenhouse conditions as well as open fields.
The need to interact more fully with the scientific community of developed and
developing countries through the bilateral cooperation agreements to use the
achievements and experiences of other countries will make a significant contribution
to accelerating the development of these agents. Participation of experts, researchers,
and managers of the private sector in relevant internationally accredited fields will be
effective in transferring these experiences to the country. We hope that in the future,
we will be able to establish regional reference laboratories to facilitate and accelerate
the QC evaluation of the microbial pesticides.
17.4 Target Crops of BC: Greenhouses and Outdoor Area
Applying biocontrol in greenhouses is much easier and feasible than other ecosystems. The closed environment of the greenhouses provides a chance for the farmers
to use various agents for each pest type that allows the greenhouse manager to take
action to control the pest population of crops according to conditions/products.
Hence, more than ten agents have been registered for use in these agrosystems in
Iran so far (PPO 2019). In this regard, due to water deficiency as a great threat and
the necessity for increasing greenhouse and closed cultivation, the mass rearing of
agents for these systems has some challenges.
In the current state, mass rearing of all the required and approved agents for
greenhouses in the country is neither possible nor rational, though it may be
objectionable at first glance. In recent years, these agents were from the imported
source. This issue has some concerns as the introduction of the exotic populations of
an agent, its possible establishment and release can disrupt the native fauna of the
ecosystem. To overcome this challenge, it is recommended to introduce available
and native species first and foremost, and also precision risk analysis procedures
should be carried out before importations (Ashouri 2011).
17 Analytical Approach to Opportunities and Obstacles of Iranian Biological. . .
615
suggested to assist the producers financially or accelerate the registration procedures.
To support the mass production, it is also necessary to provide credits for the
establishment and equipment of the R &D units, which supports all stages relating
to production, package, storage, transport and field persistence and efficacy. One
recommends the implementation a coherent plan through the involvement of
non-governmental organizations (NGOs) to enhance the technical and technological
knowledge of the private sector.
Today, microbial pesticides play an important role in pest management as well
organic farming and because of their application manner, fewer limitations with their
similarity to conventional pesticides application, they are readily accepted by
farmers and can play a significant role in the development of BC in the country.
The Expert Committee for Supervision and Registration of Biological Pest Control
Products in the PPO could provide more options for increasing the use of microbial
pesticides, especially under greenhouse conditions as well as open fields.
The need to interact more fully with the scientific community of developed and
developing countries through the bilateral cooperation agreements to use the
achievements and experiences of other countries will make a significant contribution
to accelerating the development of these agents. Participation of experts, researchers,
and managers of the private sector in relevant internationally accredited fields will be
effective in transferring these experiences to the country. We hope that in the future,
we will be able to establish regional reference laboratories to facilitate and accelerate
the QC evaluation of the microbial pesticides.
17.4 Target Crops of BC: Greenhouses and Outdoor Area
Applying biocontrol in greenhouses is much easier and feasible than other ecosystems. The closed environment of the greenhouses provides a chance for the farmers
to use various agents for each pest type that allows the greenhouse manager to take
action to control the pest population of crops according to conditions/products.
Hence, more than ten agents have been registered for use in these agrosystems in
Iran so far (PPO 2019). In this regard, due to water deficiency as a great threat and
the necessity for increasing greenhouse and closed cultivation, the mass rearing of
agents for these systems has some challenges.
In the current state, mass rearing of all the required and approved agents for
greenhouses in the country is neither possible nor rational, though it may be
objectionable at first glance. In recent years, these agents were from the imported
source. This issue has some concerns as the introduction of the exotic populations of
an agent, its possible establishment and release can disrupt the native fauna of the
ecosystem. To overcome this challenge, it is recommended to introduce available
and native species first and foremost, and also precision risk analysis procedures
should be carried out before importations (Ashouri 2011).
17 Analytical Approach to Opportunities and Obstacles of Iranian Biological. . .
615