Chapter 17
Analytical Approach to Opportunities
and Obstacles of Iranian Biological Pest
Control
Javad Karimi, Shokoofeh Kamali, Hossein Madadi,
Seyed Hossein Goldansaz, Soleiman Ghasemi, Heshmatollah Saadi,
and Mohammadreza Attaran
17.1 Introduction
The history of biological control (BC) in Iran goes back more than 85 years. This
history began with the importation of three biological control agents: biological
control agents (BCA) for three imported scales, (Hem., Coccoidea) in classical BC
approach. The BC of the Sunn pest, Eurygaster integriceps using parasitic wasp,
Trissolcus grandis which continued for several years, was stopped around 1951
(Farahbakhsh 1961; Zomorodi 2003). The reason behind this was likely the introduction of chemical pesticides, especially DDT, into the country. Although the
devastating effects of chemical pesticides on wildlife and environment appeared in
J. Karimi (*)
Department of Plant Protection, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
e-mail: jkb@um.ac.ir
S. Kamali
Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad,
Mashhad, Iran
H. Madadi
Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
S. H. Goldansaz
Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of
Tehran, Karaj, Iran
S. Ghasemi
Research and Development Unit, Nature Biotechnology Company (Biorun), Karaj, Iran
H. Saadi
Department of Agricultural Extension Education, Bu- Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
M. Attaran
Biological Control Research Station, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural
Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Amol, Iran
© The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2021
J. Karimi, H. Madadi (eds.), Biological Control of Insect and Mite Pests in Iran,
Progress in Biological Control 18, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-63990-7_17
601
Analytical Approach to Opportunities
and Obstacles of Iranian Biological Pest
Control
Javad Karimi, Shokoofeh Kamali, Hossein Madadi,
Seyed Hossein Goldansaz, Soleiman Ghasemi, Heshmatollah Saadi,
and Mohammadreza Attaran
17.1 Introduction
The history of biological control (BC) in Iran goes back more than 85 years. This
history began with the importation of three biological control agents: biological
control agents (BCA) for three imported scales, (Hem., Coccoidea) in classical BC
approach. The BC of the Sunn pest, Eurygaster integriceps using parasitic wasp,
Trissolcus grandis which continued for several years, was stopped around 1951
(Farahbakhsh 1961; Zomorodi 2003). The reason behind this was likely the introduction of chemical pesticides, especially DDT, into the country. Although the
devastating effects of chemical pesticides on wildlife and environment appeared in
J. Karimi (*)
Department of Plant Protection, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
e-mail: jkb@um.ac.ir
S. Kamali
Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad,
Mashhad, Iran
H. Madadi
Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
S. H. Goldansaz
Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of
Tehran, Karaj, Iran
S. Ghasemi
Research and Development Unit, Nature Biotechnology Company (Biorun), Karaj, Iran
H. Saadi
Department of Agricultural Extension Education, Bu- Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
M. Attaran
Biological Control Research Station, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural
Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Amol, Iran
© The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2021
J. Karimi, H. Madadi (eds.), Biological Control of Insect and Mite Pests in Iran,
Progress in Biological Control 18, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-63990-7_17
601