13.3.3 Other Species
The study of microsporidia has a narrow list in Iran. Habibi and Kharazi Pakdel
(1989) surveyed horizontal transmission of Vavaria portugal (Microsporidia) in
Lymantria dispar (Linnaeus 1758) (Lep.: Lymantriidae). The larvae of L. dispar
were infected with 1 Â 10
4 and 1 Â 10
5 spore/mL solutions. Then, 3 day-post
infection, uninfected larvae were added to the container of infected larvae. Seven
days post-infection, spores were produced and horizontal transmission was
observed. Ghazavi and Kharazi Pakdel (1995) surveyed histopathology and biology
of Nosema locustae in desert locust, Schistocerca gregaria Forskal. In this research,
3rd, 4th, and 5th nymph stages were given food containing 5.48 Â 10
4 spores of
N. locustae. After 10 days, the nymph’s tissues were examined. In light infection, fat
bodies were the visible infected tissues, but in more developed infections, pericardial
cells, ovaries, testes, midgut, malpighian tubes and nervous system were infected.
Acknowledgment We appreciate from Todd Kabaluk and Kyle Mcpherson for reviewing the last
version of manuscript.
References
Anderson DL, Trueman JWH (2000) Varroa jacobsoni (Acari: Varroidae) is more than one species.
Exp Appl Acarol 24(3):165–189
Aroee F, Azizi H, Shiran B, Pirali Kheirabadi K (2017) Molecular identification of Nosema species
in provinces of Fars, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari and Isfahan (Southwestern Iran). Asian Pac J
Trop Biomed 7(1):10–13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apjtb.2016.11.004
Asi MR, Bashir MH, Afzal M, Zia K, Akram M (2013) Potential of entomopathogenic fungi for
biocontrol of Spodoptera litura Fabricius (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). J Anima Plant Sci 3
(3):913–918
Assemi H, Rezapanah MR, Sajjadi A (2013a) Biological control of Helicoverpa armigera (Lep.:
Noctuidae) with the efficacy of different geographical isolates of HaNPVon tobacco fields.
Paper presented at the Conference of Biological Control in Agriculture and Natural Resources,
University of Tehran, Tehran, 27–28 August 2013, page 79
Assemi H, Sajjadi A, Rezapanah MR (2013b) Optimization of production of Helicoverpa armigera
nucleopolyhedrovirus via the Taguchi method and Derringer’s desirability function. Paper
presented at the Conference of Biological Control in Agriculture and Natural Resources,
University of Tehran, Tehran, 27–28 August 2013, page 96
Ayoubi A, Talebi AA, Fathipour Y, Mehrabadi M (2020) Coinfection of the secondary symbionts,
Hamiltonella defensa and Arsenophonus sp. contribute to the performance of the major aphid
pest, Aphis gossypii (Hemiptera: Aphididae). Insect Sci 27(1):86–98. https://doi.org/10.1111/
1744-7917.12603
Ayres MD, Howard SC, Kuzio J, Lopez-Ferber M, Possee RD (1994) The complete DNA sequence
of Autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus. Virology 202(2):586–605
Bagheri Z, Talebi AA, Asgari S, Mehrabadi M (2019a) Wolbachia induce cytoplasmic incompatibility and affect mate preference in Habrobracon hebetor to increase the chance of its
transmission to the next generation. J Inverteb Pathol 163:1–7
Bagheri Z, Talebi AA, Asgari S, Mehrabadi M (2019b) Wolbachia promote successful sex with
siblings. bioRxiv 855635
13 Insect Pathogenic Viruses, Microsporidians and Endosymbionts
527
The study of microsporidia has a narrow list in Iran. Habibi and Kharazi Pakdel
(1989) surveyed horizontal transmission of Vavaria portugal (Microsporidia) in
Lymantria dispar (Linnaeus 1758) (Lep.: Lymantriidae). The larvae of L. dispar
were infected with 1 Â 10
4 and 1 Â 10
5 spore/mL solutions. Then, 3 day-post
infection, uninfected larvae were added to the container of infected larvae. Seven
days post-infection, spores were produced and horizontal transmission was
observed. Ghazavi and Kharazi Pakdel (1995) surveyed histopathology and biology
of Nosema locustae in desert locust, Schistocerca gregaria Forskal. In this research,
3rd, 4th, and 5th nymph stages were given food containing 5.48 Â 10
4 spores of
N. locustae. After 10 days, the nymph’s tissues were examined. In light infection, fat
bodies were the visible infected tissues, but in more developed infections, pericardial
cells, ovaries, testes, midgut, malpighian tubes and nervous system were infected.
Acknowledgment We appreciate from Todd Kabaluk and Kyle Mcpherson for reviewing the last
version of manuscript.
References
Anderson DL, Trueman JWH (2000) Varroa jacobsoni (Acari: Varroidae) is more than one species.
Exp Appl Acarol 24(3):165–189
Aroee F, Azizi H, Shiran B, Pirali Kheirabadi K (2017) Molecular identification of Nosema species
in provinces of Fars, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari and Isfahan (Southwestern Iran). Asian Pac J
Trop Biomed 7(1):10–13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apjtb.2016.11.004
Asi MR, Bashir MH, Afzal M, Zia K, Akram M (2013) Potential of entomopathogenic fungi for
biocontrol of Spodoptera litura Fabricius (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). J Anima Plant Sci 3
(3):913–918
Assemi H, Rezapanah MR, Sajjadi A (2013a) Biological control of Helicoverpa armigera (Lep.:
Noctuidae) with the efficacy of different geographical isolates of HaNPVon tobacco fields.
Paper presented at the Conference of Biological Control in Agriculture and Natural Resources,
University of Tehran, Tehran, 27–28 August 2013, page 79
Assemi H, Sajjadi A, Rezapanah MR (2013b) Optimization of production of Helicoverpa armigera
nucleopolyhedrovirus via the Taguchi method and Derringer’s desirability function. Paper
presented at the Conference of Biological Control in Agriculture and Natural Resources,
University of Tehran, Tehran, 27–28 August 2013, page 96
Ayoubi A, Talebi AA, Fathipour Y, Mehrabadi M (2020) Coinfection of the secondary symbionts,
Hamiltonella defensa and Arsenophonus sp. contribute to the performance of the major aphid
pest, Aphis gossypii (Hemiptera: Aphididae). Insect Sci 27(1):86–98. https://doi.org/10.1111/
1744-7917.12603
Ayres MD, Howard SC, Kuzio J, Lopez-Ferber M, Possee RD (1994) The complete DNA sequence
of Autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus. Virology 202(2):586–605
Bagheri Z, Talebi AA, Asgari S, Mehrabadi M (2019a) Wolbachia induce cytoplasmic incompatibility and affect mate preference in Habrobracon hebetor to increase the chance of its
transmission to the next generation. J Inverteb Pathol 163:1–7
Bagheri Z, Talebi AA, Asgari S, Mehrabadi M (2019b) Wolbachia promote successful sex with
siblings. bioRxiv 855635
13 Insect Pathogenic Viruses, Microsporidians and Endosymbionts
527