mildew, followed by production of blastospores and massive invasion of the aphid
hemolymph and other internal tissues, or suppressing growth and spore production
of S. fuliginea. Pathogenesis is caused by direct assimilation of nutrients and
accumulation of lipids. Finally, the fungus, when environmental conditions are
permissive, produces conidiophores pushed through the host barrier and release of
conidia from host cadavers or dead cells of the plant pathogen. One typical feature of
the developmental process of V. lecanii is the overlap of certain stages of infection.
For example, under favorable environmental conditions, the fungus may proliferate
simultaneously both on the surface and/or within the host body. As a consequence,
sporulation may originate from conidiophores emerging from the host barrier or
from those produced by hyphae developing on the host.
Askary et al. (2008), Benhamou and Brodeur (2000, 2001) and Benhamou (2004)
showed that Akanthomyces muscarius (¼ Lecanicillium muscarium) (Ascomycota:
Hypocreales) is an opportunistic antagonist for some plant pathogenic fungi such as
Penicillium digitatum (Ascomycota: Eurotiales) and Pythium ultimatum (Oomycota:
Peronosporales). Results of their studies provide that antagonism, triggered
A. muscarius, is a multifaceted process in which antibiosis, with alteration of the
host hyphae prior to contact with the antagonist, appears to be the key process in the
antagonism against the mentioned plant pathogenic fungi.
Table 11.1 (continued)
Accession
N.
Taxonomic Name
Substrate
Isolated By
Region and
place
IRAN
1019 C
Cordyceps tenuipes
(Peck) Kepler,
B. Shrestha &
Spatafora (¼
Paecilomyces
tenuipes)
Lymantria dispar
S. Zanganeh &
M. Ghazavi
Kordkoy
IRAN
2237
Mucor circinelloides
Tiegh. (¼
Rhizomucor
regularior)
Acythopeus
curvirostris persicus
(adult)
N. Sepasi
South Khorasan, Birjand,
Mohammadieh
IRAN
1274 C
Verticillium sp.
Cuticle of
Leptoglossus
occidentalis
Heidemann, hibernating adult specimen in a pine wood
Marta Mossenta –
IRAN
2189
Verticillium
epiphytum Hansf.
Larvae of Zeuzera
pyrina
Baradaran
Kerman, Rabar
IRAN
2191
Verticillium
epiphytum
Thrips tabaci
T. Safari
Mashhad
IRAN
2192
Verticillium
epiphytum
Thrips tabaci
T. Safari
Mashhad
Source: Database of IRAN WDCM 939 in World Federation of Culture Collections: WFCC
446
H. Askary et al.
hemolymph and other internal tissues, or suppressing growth and spore production
of S. fuliginea. Pathogenesis is caused by direct assimilation of nutrients and
accumulation of lipids. Finally, the fungus, when environmental conditions are
permissive, produces conidiophores pushed through the host barrier and release of
conidia from host cadavers or dead cells of the plant pathogen. One typical feature of
the developmental process of V. lecanii is the overlap of certain stages of infection.
For example, under favorable environmental conditions, the fungus may proliferate
simultaneously both on the surface and/or within the host body. As a consequence,
sporulation may originate from conidiophores emerging from the host barrier or
from those produced by hyphae developing on the host.
Askary et al. (2008), Benhamou and Brodeur (2000, 2001) and Benhamou (2004)
showed that Akanthomyces muscarius (¼ Lecanicillium muscarium) (Ascomycota:
Hypocreales) is an opportunistic antagonist for some plant pathogenic fungi such as
Penicillium digitatum (Ascomycota: Eurotiales) and Pythium ultimatum (Oomycota:
Peronosporales). Results of their studies provide that antagonism, triggered
A. muscarius, is a multifaceted process in which antibiosis, with alteration of the
host hyphae prior to contact with the antagonist, appears to be the key process in the
antagonism against the mentioned plant pathogenic fungi.
Table 11.1 (continued)
Accession
N.
Taxonomic Name
Substrate
Isolated By
Region and
place
IRAN
1019 C
Cordyceps tenuipes
(Peck) Kepler,
B. Shrestha &
Spatafora (¼
Paecilomyces
tenuipes)
Lymantria dispar
S. Zanganeh &
M. Ghazavi
Kordkoy
IRAN
2237
Mucor circinelloides
Tiegh. (¼
Rhizomucor
regularior)
Acythopeus
curvirostris persicus
(adult)
N. Sepasi
South Khorasan, Birjand,
Mohammadieh
IRAN
1274 C
Verticillium sp.
Cuticle of
Leptoglossus
occidentalis
Heidemann, hibernating adult specimen in a pine wood
Marta Mossenta –
IRAN
2189
Verticillium
epiphytum Hansf.
Larvae of Zeuzera
pyrina
Baradaran
Kerman, Rabar
IRAN
2191
Verticillium
epiphytum
Thrips tabaci
T. Safari
Mashhad
IRAN
2192
Verticillium
epiphytum
Thrips tabaci
T. Safari
Mashhad
Source: Database of IRAN WDCM 939 in World Federation of Culture Collections: WFCC
446
H. Askary et al.