Pike KS, Starý P, Miller T, Allison D, Graf G, Boydston L, Miller R, Gillespie R (1999) Host range
and habitats of the aphid parasitoid Diaeretiella rapae (Hymenoptera: Aphidiidae) in
Washington state. Environ Entomol 28:61–71
Polgar L (1986) Effect of cold storage on the emergence, sex ratio and fecundity of Aphidus
matricariae. In: Hodek I (ed) Ecology of Aphidophaga. Academia, Prague, pp 255–260
Polgar L, Sagi K (1983) The effect of pesticides on a beneficial hymenopterous parasite: Aphidius
matricariae Hal. Bull Int Conf Integr Plant Prot 4:65–69
Polis G, Winemiller K (1996) Food webs: integration of patterns and dynamics. Chapman and Hall,
London
Pons X, Lumbierres B (2004) Aphids on ornamental shrubs and trees in an urban area of the Catalan
coast: bases for an IPM programme. In: Simon JC, Dedryver CA, Rispe C, Hullé M (eds)
Aphids in a new millennium. Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Paris, pp 359–364
Portilla M, Morales-Ramos JA, Guadalupe Rojas M, Blanco CA (2013) Life tables as tools of
evaluation and quality control for arthropod mass production. In: Morales-Ramos JA, Rojas
MG, Shapiro-Ilan DI (eds) Mass production of beneficial organisms: invertebrates and
entomopathogens. Academic, Amsterdam, pp 214–276
Pourtaghi E, Shirvani A, Rashki M (2016) Effect of temperature on biological parameters of
Aphidius matricariae, the Aphis fabae parasitoid. Anim Biol 66:335–345
Powell W, Wright AF (1992) The influence of host food plants on host recognition by four
aphidiine parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). Bull Entomol Res 81:449–453
Prasad S, Singh D, Singh R (2005) Effect of host plant resistance on the agespecific life table of the
aphid parasitoid, Diaeretiella rapae (M’Intosh)(Hymenoptera: Braconidae, Aphidiinae) at
variable host densities. J Aphidol 19:113–119
Price PW (1986) Ecological aspects of host plant resistance and biological control: interactions
among three trophic levels. In: Boethel DJ, Eikenbary RD (eds) Interactions of plant resistance
and parasitoids and predators of insects. Ellis Horwood Ltd, Chichester, pp 11–30
Pungerl NB (1984) Host preferences of Aphidius (Hymenoptera: Aphidiidae) populations
parasitising pea and cereal aphids (Hemiptera: Aphididae). Bull Entomol Res 74:153–162
Purhematy A, Ahmadia K, Moshrefi M (2013) Toxicity of Thiacloprid and Fenvalerate on the black
bean aphid, Aphis fabae, and biosafety against its parasitoid, Lysiphlebus fabarum. J Biopest
6:207–210
Pyke GH (1984) Optimal foraging theory: a critical review. Ann Rev Ecol Evol Syst 15:523–575
Rabasse JM, Ibrahim AMA (1987) Conservation of Aphidius uzbekistanicus (Luz.) (Hymenoptera:
Aphidiidae), parasite on Sitobion avenae F. (Homoiptera: Aphididae). SROP/WPRS Bull
12:54–56
Rahimi S, Hosseini R, Hajizadeh J, Sohani MM (2012) Molecular identification and detection of
Lysiphlebus fabarum (Hym.: Braconidae): a key parasitoid of aphids, by using polymerase
chain reaction. J Agric Sci Technol 14:1453–1463
Rakhshani E, Talebi AA, Sadeghi SE (2000) Some biological characteristics of walnut aphid,
Chromaphis juglandicola (Kaltenbach)(Homoptera: Aphididae) in Karaj. J Entomol Soc Iran
20:25–41
Rakhshani E (2012) Aphid parasitoids (Hym., Braconidae, Aphidiinae) associated with pome and
stone fruit trees in Iran. Journal of Crop Protection 1:81–95
Rakhshani E, Talebi AA, Sadeghi SE (2001) The first record of aphid hyperparasitoid, Alloxysta
(Alloxysta) citripes (Thomson) (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) from Iran. Appl Entomol
Phytopathol 69:184–185
Rakhshani E, Talebi AA, Kavallieratos NG, Fathipour Y (2004a) Host stage preference, juvenile
mortality and functional response of Trioxys pallidus (Haliday) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae:
Aphidiinae). Biologia 59:197–203
Rakhshani E, Talebi AA, Sadeghi SE, Kavallieratos NG, Rashed A (2004b) Seasonal parasitism
and hyperparasitism of walnut aphid, Chromaphis juglandicola (Hom.: Aphididae) in Tehran
province. J Entomol Soc Iran 23(2):1–11
9 Aphid Parasitoids: Aphidiinae (Hym., Braconidae)
391
and habitats of the aphid parasitoid Diaeretiella rapae (Hymenoptera: Aphidiidae) in
Washington state. Environ Entomol 28:61–71
Polgar L (1986) Effect of cold storage on the emergence, sex ratio and fecundity of Aphidus
matricariae. In: Hodek I (ed) Ecology of Aphidophaga. Academia, Prague, pp 255–260
Polgar L, Sagi K (1983) The effect of pesticides on a beneficial hymenopterous parasite: Aphidius
matricariae Hal. Bull Int Conf Integr Plant Prot 4:65–69
Polis G, Winemiller K (1996) Food webs: integration of patterns and dynamics. Chapman and Hall,
London
Pons X, Lumbierres B (2004) Aphids on ornamental shrubs and trees in an urban area of the Catalan
coast: bases for an IPM programme. In: Simon JC, Dedryver CA, Rispe C, Hullé M (eds)
Aphids in a new millennium. Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Paris, pp 359–364
Portilla M, Morales-Ramos JA, Guadalupe Rojas M, Blanco CA (2013) Life tables as tools of
evaluation and quality control for arthropod mass production. In: Morales-Ramos JA, Rojas
MG, Shapiro-Ilan DI (eds) Mass production of beneficial organisms: invertebrates and
entomopathogens. Academic, Amsterdam, pp 214–276
Pourtaghi E, Shirvani A, Rashki M (2016) Effect of temperature on biological parameters of
Aphidius matricariae, the Aphis fabae parasitoid. Anim Biol 66:335–345
Powell W, Wright AF (1992) The influence of host food plants on host recognition by four
aphidiine parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). Bull Entomol Res 81:449–453
Prasad S, Singh D, Singh R (2005) Effect of host plant resistance on the agespecific life table of the
aphid parasitoid, Diaeretiella rapae (M’Intosh)(Hymenoptera: Braconidae, Aphidiinae) at
variable host densities. J Aphidol 19:113–119
Price PW (1986) Ecological aspects of host plant resistance and biological control: interactions
among three trophic levels. In: Boethel DJ, Eikenbary RD (eds) Interactions of plant resistance
and parasitoids and predators of insects. Ellis Horwood Ltd, Chichester, pp 11–30
Pungerl NB (1984) Host preferences of Aphidius (Hymenoptera: Aphidiidae) populations
parasitising pea and cereal aphids (Hemiptera: Aphididae). Bull Entomol Res 74:153–162
Purhematy A, Ahmadia K, Moshrefi M (2013) Toxicity of Thiacloprid and Fenvalerate on the black
bean aphid, Aphis fabae, and biosafety against its parasitoid, Lysiphlebus fabarum. J Biopest
6:207–210
Pyke GH (1984) Optimal foraging theory: a critical review. Ann Rev Ecol Evol Syst 15:523–575
Rabasse JM, Ibrahim AMA (1987) Conservation of Aphidius uzbekistanicus (Luz.) (Hymenoptera:
Aphidiidae), parasite on Sitobion avenae F. (Homoiptera: Aphididae). SROP/WPRS Bull
12:54–56
Rahimi S, Hosseini R, Hajizadeh J, Sohani MM (2012) Molecular identification and detection of
Lysiphlebus fabarum (Hym.: Braconidae): a key parasitoid of aphids, by using polymerase
chain reaction. J Agric Sci Technol 14:1453–1463
Rakhshani E, Talebi AA, Sadeghi SE (2000) Some biological characteristics of walnut aphid,
Chromaphis juglandicola (Kaltenbach)(Homoptera: Aphididae) in Karaj. J Entomol Soc Iran
20:25–41
Rakhshani E (2012) Aphid parasitoids (Hym., Braconidae, Aphidiinae) associated with pome and
stone fruit trees in Iran. Journal of Crop Protection 1:81–95
Rakhshani E, Talebi AA, Sadeghi SE (2001) The first record of aphid hyperparasitoid, Alloxysta
(Alloxysta) citripes (Thomson) (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) from Iran. Appl Entomol
Phytopathol 69:184–185
Rakhshani E, Talebi AA, Kavallieratos NG, Fathipour Y (2004a) Host stage preference, juvenile
mortality and functional response of Trioxys pallidus (Haliday) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae:
Aphidiinae). Biologia 59:197–203
Rakhshani E, Talebi AA, Sadeghi SE, Kavallieratos NG, Rashed A (2004b) Seasonal parasitism
and hyperparasitism of walnut aphid, Chromaphis juglandicola (Hom.: Aphididae) in Tehran
province. J Entomol Soc Iran 23(2):1–11
9 Aphid Parasitoids: Aphidiinae (Hym., Braconidae)
391