ornamental plants (R. Marzban, Tehran, 2015, personal communication). Considering these diverse biological control plans, questions about mass production technologies, identification methods, estimation the impact of natural enemies on native/
invasive pests as well as procedures for safe importation and release of natural
enemies have been studied by several laboratories and facilities in the country, and
private companies are working on mass rearing of parasitoids, predators and
Bt. Based on the PPO report, eight macro agents used as inundative release in
27 provinces and 83 insectariums are active in 24 provinces (Personal Communication; PPO report, 2019; Department of Plant Protection 2019) (Fig. 1.18).
Acknowledgment I would like to express my best appreciation to Arman Avand- Faghih (IRIPP),
Ali Rezaei (PPO), Hana Haji Allahverdi Pour (IRIPP), and Ehsan Mostafavi (Pasteur Institute of
Iran) for providing some images and information. We thank Alireza Saboori (University of Tehran)
to check a part of the text and sharing images. Gary Dunphy (McGill University) and Ayda
Khorramnejad (University of Valencia) reviewed the draft, Jafar Ershad (IRIPP) and Ahad
Sahragard (Guilan University) provided some comments over the text which we would like to
thanks them.
References
Abivardi C (2001) Iranian entomology – volume 2: applied entomology. Springer Verlag, BerlinHeidelberg-New York, pp 1033
Akrami MA, Saboori A (2012) Acari of Iran, Vol. II (Oribatid mites). University of Tehran Press,
Tehran, p 281
Bagheri-Zenouz E (2003) A history of the development of agricultural sciences in Iran (from
Ancient to the Present time). University of Tehran Press, Tehran, p 327
Cokendolpher JC, Zamani A, Snegovaya NY (2019) Overview of arachnids and arachnology in
Iran. J Insect Biodivers Syst 5(4):301–367
Daneshvar H, Denmark HA (1982) Phytoseiids of Iran (Acarina: Phytoseiidae). Int J Acarol 8
(1):3–14
Davachi A (1949) Major economic pests of agricultural plants in Iran and their control. Chemical
Institute Publication, Tehran, pp 294 [In Persian]
Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences. http://sph.tums.ac.ir/esph/portal/home/?47357/school-of-publichealth. Accessed 30 Feb 2019
Department of Plant Protection (2019). http://www.ase.ut.ac.ir/plant-protection. Accessed 20 Feb
2020
Farahbakhsh G (1961) Family Pentatomidae (Heteroptera). In: Farahbakhsh G (ed) A checklist of
economically important insects and other enemies of plants and agricultural products in Iran, vol
1. Department of Plant Protection, Ministry of Agriculture, Tehran, pp 25–28
Hajiqanbar H, Saboori A (2017) Program and Abstract book of the third International Persian
Congress of Acarology. Paper presented at the 3rd International Persian Congress of Acarology,
College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, 23–25 August 2017 [in Persian with English
summary]
Heidari H (2001) Integrated production and protection management in maize and millet in north of
Cameroon. Final report of kake mate NGO
Iran Silk Research Center. http://abrisham.areeo.ac.ir. Accessed 2 Feb 2019
1 Overview: History of Agricultural Entomology and Biological Pest Control in Iran
19
invasive pests as well as procedures for safe importation and release of natural
enemies have been studied by several laboratories and facilities in the country, and
private companies are working on mass rearing of parasitoids, predators and
Bt. Based on the PPO report, eight macro agents used as inundative release in
27 provinces and 83 insectariums are active in 24 provinces (Personal Communication; PPO report, 2019; Department of Plant Protection 2019) (Fig. 1.18).
Acknowledgment I would like to express my best appreciation to Arman Avand- Faghih (IRIPP),
Ali Rezaei (PPO), Hana Haji Allahverdi Pour (IRIPP), and Ehsan Mostafavi (Pasteur Institute of
Iran) for providing some images and information. We thank Alireza Saboori (University of Tehran)
to check a part of the text and sharing images. Gary Dunphy (McGill University) and Ayda
Khorramnejad (University of Valencia) reviewed the draft, Jafar Ershad (IRIPP) and Ahad
Sahragard (Guilan University) provided some comments over the text which we would like to
thanks them.
References
Abivardi C (2001) Iranian entomology – volume 2: applied entomology. Springer Verlag, BerlinHeidelberg-New York, pp 1033
Akrami MA, Saboori A (2012) Acari of Iran, Vol. II (Oribatid mites). University of Tehran Press,
Tehran, p 281
Bagheri-Zenouz E (2003) A history of the development of agricultural sciences in Iran (from
Ancient to the Present time). University of Tehran Press, Tehran, p 327
Cokendolpher JC, Zamani A, Snegovaya NY (2019) Overview of arachnids and arachnology in
Iran. J Insect Biodivers Syst 5(4):301–367
Daneshvar H, Denmark HA (1982) Phytoseiids of Iran (Acarina: Phytoseiidae). Int J Acarol 8
(1):3–14
Davachi A (1949) Major economic pests of agricultural plants in Iran and their control. Chemical
Institute Publication, Tehran, pp 294 [In Persian]
Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences. http://sph.tums.ac.ir/esph/portal/home/?47357/school-of-publichealth. Accessed 30 Feb 2019
Department of Plant Protection (2019). http://www.ase.ut.ac.ir/plant-protection. Accessed 20 Feb
2020
Farahbakhsh G (1961) Family Pentatomidae (Heteroptera). In: Farahbakhsh G (ed) A checklist of
economically important insects and other enemies of plants and agricultural products in Iran, vol
1. Department of Plant Protection, Ministry of Agriculture, Tehran, pp 25–28
Hajiqanbar H, Saboori A (2017) Program and Abstract book of the third International Persian
Congress of Acarology. Paper presented at the 3rd International Persian Congress of Acarology,
College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, 23–25 August 2017 [in Persian with English
summary]
Heidari H (2001) Integrated production and protection management in maize and millet in north of
Cameroon. Final report of kake mate NGO
Iran Silk Research Center. http://abrisham.areeo.ac.ir. Accessed 2 Feb 2019
1 Overview: History of Agricultural Entomology and Biological Pest Control in Iran
19