population densities in apple orchards. Although frustrating results showed the
density independent predatin by Z. mali on two main preys E. frosti and Tydeus
longisetosus (ElBagouy and Momen) in apple orchards (Khodayari et al. 2009).
The intraguild interaction response between Z. mali as intraguild prey and
predatory thrips, S. longicornis as intraguild predator was studied. It has been
confirmed that the simultaneous presence of thrips and hawthorn spider mite,
Amphitetranychus viennensis (Zacher) on upwind plants led to a withdrawal of
Z. mali toward higher parts of host trees (Zahedi Golpayegani et al. 2019).
4.3.2.4 Family Anystidae
A survey of mites associated with pistachio tree, Pistacia vera (Linnaeaus) and
Pistacia mutica Fischer and Meyer (Sapindales, Anacardiacae) was carried on in one
of the main pistachio-production region of Iran (Kerman province) (Mehrnejad and
Ueckermann 2001). Fourteen mite species belonging to eleven families reported
from cultivated and wild pistachio trees. One of the most abundant predator species
found was Anystis baccarum (Linnaeus). This mite is predacious on other mites and
small insects, although because of highly cannibalistic habit, it is difficult to rear. In
the pistachio orchards, this species was found in psyllid colonies, Agonoscena
pistaciae Burckhardt and Lauterer, (Hemiptera: Psyllidae). Besides, A. baccarum
is one of the active natural enemies on Coccidae, Diaspididae and Eriococcidae
(Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha) in Kermanshah province (Jalilvand et al. 2014). This
species is also active predator of grape erineum mite, C. vitis in western Iran (Javadi
Khederi and Khanjani 2014). It has not been studied intensively and there are few
documents about its predation efficiency or life history. Khanjani et al. (1995)
reported a type II functional response of A. baccarum females to different life stages
of T. turkestani however; they did not report any values for searching efficiency or
handling time.
The other reported species of this family are Erythracarus pyrrholeucus
(Hermann) collected on spider mites by Jalaeian et al. (2005) from Isfahan province
and A. wallacei Otto collected on raspberry shrubs in the central area of Guilan
province (Tajmiri 2013; Jalaeian et al. 2005).
4.3.2.5 Family Cheyletidae
This family mostly common and abundant in stored products, nests of birds and
rodents, granaries, warehouses and barns. Most cheyletids are free-living predators
of various micro-arthropods associated with stored-products, including insect eggs
and in association with Acariformes mites (Zdarkova 1979, 1998; Hajizadeh et al.
2011). According to Ardeshir et al. (2007), they are among the dominant species of
mites collected from wheat stored infected with Acarus siro Linnaeus, 1758,
T. putrescentiae and Caloglyphus sp. Acaropsellina sollers and Cheyletus
malaccensis are the beneficial dominant cheyletids in most of the silages in Iran.
4 Applied Ecology of Some Predacious Mites in Iran
159
density independent predatin by Z. mali on two main preys E. frosti and Tydeus
longisetosus (ElBagouy and Momen) in apple orchards (Khodayari et al. 2009).
The intraguild interaction response between Z. mali as intraguild prey and
predatory thrips, S. longicornis as intraguild predator was studied. It has been
confirmed that the simultaneous presence of thrips and hawthorn spider mite,
Amphitetranychus viennensis (Zacher) on upwind plants led to a withdrawal of
Z. mali toward higher parts of host trees (Zahedi Golpayegani et al. 2019).
4.3.2.4 Family Anystidae
A survey of mites associated with pistachio tree, Pistacia vera (Linnaeaus) and
Pistacia mutica Fischer and Meyer (Sapindales, Anacardiacae) was carried on in one
of the main pistachio-production region of Iran (Kerman province) (Mehrnejad and
Ueckermann 2001). Fourteen mite species belonging to eleven families reported
from cultivated and wild pistachio trees. One of the most abundant predator species
found was Anystis baccarum (Linnaeus). This mite is predacious on other mites and
small insects, although because of highly cannibalistic habit, it is difficult to rear. In
the pistachio orchards, this species was found in psyllid colonies, Agonoscena
pistaciae Burckhardt and Lauterer, (Hemiptera: Psyllidae). Besides, A. baccarum
is one of the active natural enemies on Coccidae, Diaspididae and Eriococcidae
(Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha) in Kermanshah province (Jalilvand et al. 2014). This
species is also active predator of grape erineum mite, C. vitis in western Iran (Javadi
Khederi and Khanjani 2014). It has not been studied intensively and there are few
documents about its predation efficiency or life history. Khanjani et al. (1995)
reported a type II functional response of A. baccarum females to different life stages
of T. turkestani however; they did not report any values for searching efficiency or
handling time.
The other reported species of this family are Erythracarus pyrrholeucus
(Hermann) collected on spider mites by Jalaeian et al. (2005) from Isfahan province
and A. wallacei Otto collected on raspberry shrubs in the central area of Guilan
province (Tajmiri 2013; Jalaeian et al. 2005).
4.3.2.5 Family Cheyletidae
This family mostly common and abundant in stored products, nests of birds and
rodents, granaries, warehouses and barns. Most cheyletids are free-living predators
of various micro-arthropods associated with stored-products, including insect eggs
and in association with Acariformes mites (Zdarkova 1979, 1998; Hajizadeh et al.
2011). According to Ardeshir et al. (2007), they are among the dominant species of
mites collected from wheat stored infected with Acarus siro Linnaeus, 1758,
T. putrescentiae and Caloglyphus sp. Acaropsellina sollers and Cheyletus
malaccensis are the beneficial dominant cheyletids in most of the silages in Iran.
4 Applied Ecology of Some Predacious Mites in Iran
159