154
Agrocybe aegerita (V. Brig.) Singer This mushroom is a white-rot basidiomycete,
commercially cultivated in Italy and highly appreciated as a delicacy (so-called
Pioppino mushroom) (Ullrich et al. 2004). The life cycle of Agrocybe aegerita is
controlled by the tetrapolar mechanism of homogeneous incompatibility that
involves the two unlinked factors A and B. When it has favorable environmental
conditions, the dikaryon can differentiate the fruiting bodies (basidiocarps); subsequently karyogamy and meiosis are carried out (Meinhardt and Leslie 1982). The
common name for the mushroom is black poplar mushroom or chestnut mushroom,
since it is often found on poplar wood logs, growing saprophytically, often clusters,
on stumps in the southeastern United States and southern Europe, in similar climatic
zones of the Far East. It has fruited this species on supplemented oak and alder
sawdust/chip; willow, poplar, and maple are just as likely to support substantial
fruitings. It is one of the most cultivated mushrooms in Asia and has been highly
valued as a functional food for its antitumor, antioxidant, antifungal, hypocholesterolemic, and hypolipidemic effects (Diyabalanage et al. 2008).
Auricularia auricula-judae (Bull.) Quél. It is a heterobasidiomycete of the
Auriculariales order and the Auriculariaceae family (Index Fungorum 2017); common names include Jew’s ear, wood ear, jelly ear, and wood-ear mushrooms. It is
cultivated in China, Taiwan, Thailand, the Philippines, Indonesia, and Malaysia
(Tang et al. 2010). The fruiting body has a waxy and cartilaginous texture, the color
varies from purplish brown to black, especially when dried, its horizontally septed
basidium makes them significantly different in taste and morphological characters
(somewhat variable irregular forms, from open to sometimes deformed) of other
cultivated mushrooms, such as Agaricus bisporus and Pleurotus spp., among others.
Today, Auricularia mushrooms are among the four most important cultivated
mushrooms in the world, mainly in China and Southeast Asia, with an annual world
production of 420,000 tons. They can grow well on various organic agricultural and
industrial wastes (Yan et al. 2004). Auricularia auricula-judae is a culinarymedicinal mushroom, which contains potassium (172.03 mg/kg) and manganese
(1.66 mg/kg). Glutamic acid has been detected in high amounts (10.09 mg/kg); it
also contains cysteine (0.34 mg/kg) and methionine (0.80 mg/kg). The predominant
oil is the methyl ester of 9,12-octadecadienoic acid (Ohiri and Bassey 2017). The
fragrance was described as musty, and reminiscent of raw compost (Stamets 2000).
Coprinus comatus (O.F. Müll.) Pers. It is a member of the family Agaricaceae and
order Agaricales, commonly called as chicken drumstick mushroom, shaggy ink
cap, lawyer’s wig, or shaggy mane. Agaricales are common mushrooms that are
often seen on lawns, gravel roads, and waste areas around the world (Park and Lee
2005), which grow in late summer and fall throughout the temperate region of the
world, and its smell has been described as farinaceous and mildly sweet
(Stamets 2000).
For many years, the Chinese population has appreciated this species for its high
nutritional value and its delicious flavor. Its fruiting body is white, it is thin and
G. Díaz-Godínez and M. Téllez-Téllez
Agrocybe aegerita (V. Brig.) Singer This mushroom is a white-rot basidiomycete,
commercially cultivated in Italy and highly appreciated as a delicacy (so-called
Pioppino mushroom) (Ullrich et al. 2004). The life cycle of Agrocybe aegerita is
controlled by the tetrapolar mechanism of homogeneous incompatibility that
involves the two unlinked factors A and B. When it has favorable environmental
conditions, the dikaryon can differentiate the fruiting bodies (basidiocarps); subsequently karyogamy and meiosis are carried out (Meinhardt and Leslie 1982). The
common name for the mushroom is black poplar mushroom or chestnut mushroom,
since it is often found on poplar wood logs, growing saprophytically, often clusters,
on stumps in the southeastern United States and southern Europe, in similar climatic
zones of the Far East. It has fruited this species on supplemented oak and alder
sawdust/chip; willow, poplar, and maple are just as likely to support substantial
fruitings. It is one of the most cultivated mushrooms in Asia and has been highly
valued as a functional food for its antitumor, antioxidant, antifungal, hypocholesterolemic, and hypolipidemic effects (Diyabalanage et al. 2008).
Auricularia auricula-judae (Bull.) Quél. It is a heterobasidiomycete of the
Auriculariales order and the Auriculariaceae family (Index Fungorum 2017); common names include Jew’s ear, wood ear, jelly ear, and wood-ear mushrooms. It is
cultivated in China, Taiwan, Thailand, the Philippines, Indonesia, and Malaysia
(Tang et al. 2010). The fruiting body has a waxy and cartilaginous texture, the color
varies from purplish brown to black, especially when dried, its horizontally septed
basidium makes them significantly different in taste and morphological characters
(somewhat variable irregular forms, from open to sometimes deformed) of other
cultivated mushrooms, such as Agaricus bisporus and Pleurotus spp., among others.
Today, Auricularia mushrooms are among the four most important cultivated
mushrooms in the world, mainly in China and Southeast Asia, with an annual world
production of 420,000 tons. They can grow well on various organic agricultural and
industrial wastes (Yan et al. 2004). Auricularia auricula-judae is a culinarymedicinal mushroom, which contains potassium (172.03 mg/kg) and manganese
(1.66 mg/kg). Glutamic acid has been detected in high amounts (10.09 mg/kg); it
also contains cysteine (0.34 mg/kg) and methionine (0.80 mg/kg). The predominant
oil is the methyl ester of 9,12-octadecadienoic acid (Ohiri and Bassey 2017). The
fragrance was described as musty, and reminiscent of raw compost (Stamets 2000).
Coprinus comatus (O.F. Müll.) Pers. It is a member of the family Agaricaceae and
order Agaricales, commonly called as chicken drumstick mushroom, shaggy ink
cap, lawyer’s wig, or shaggy mane. Agaricales are common mushrooms that are
often seen on lawns, gravel roads, and waste areas around the world (Park and Lee
2005), which grow in late summer and fall throughout the temperate region of the
world, and its smell has been described as farinaceous and mildly sweet
(Stamets 2000).
For many years, the Chinese population has appreciated this species for its high
nutritional value and its delicious flavor. Its fruiting body is white, it is thin and
G. Díaz-Godínez and M. Téllez-Téllez