agent such as phosphorus(III) chloride, phosphorus(V) chloride, or sulphur dichloride oxide and is used to
introduce ethanoyl groups into organic compounds containing –OH,
–NH 2 , and –SH groups. See acylation.
ethanoyl group (acetyl group) The
organic group CH 3 CO–.
ethene (ethylene) A colourless
Ûammable gaseous hydrocarbon,
C 2 H 4 ; m.p. –169°C; b.p. –103.7°C. It is
the Ürst member of the *alkene series of hydrocarbons. It is made by
cracking hydrocarbons from petroleum and is now a major raw material for making other organic
chemicals (e.g. ethanal, ethanol,
ethane-1,2-diol). It can be polymerized to *polyethene. It occurs naturally in plants, in which it acts as a
growth substance promoting the
ripening of fruits.
ethenone See ketene.
ethenyl ethanoate (vinyl acetate)
An unsaturated organic ester, CH 2 :
CHOOCCH 3 ; r.d. 0.9; m.p. –100°C;
b.p. 73°C. It is made by catalytic reaction of ethanoic acid and ethene and
used to make polyvinylacetate.
ether See ethoxyethane; ethers.
ethers Organic compounds containing the group –O– in their molecules.
Examples are dimethyl ether,
CH 3 OCH 3 , and diethyl ether,
C 2 H 5 OC 2 H 5 (see ethoxyethane). They
are volatile highly Ûammable compounds made by dehydrating alcohols using sulphuric acid.
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• Information about IUPAC nomenclature
ethoxyethane (diethyl ether;
ether) A colourless Ûammable
volatile ether, C 2 H 5 OC 2 H 5 ; r.d. 0.71;
m.p. –116°C; b.p. 34.5°C. It can be
made by *Williamson’s synthesis. It
is an anaesthetic and useful organic
solvent. See ethers.
ethyl 3-oxobutanoate (ethyl
acetoacetonate) A colourless liquid
ester with a pleasant odour,
CH 3 COCH 2 COOC 2 H 5 ; r.d. 1.03; m.p.
<–80°C; b.p. 180.4°C. It can be prepared by reacting ethyl ethanoate
(CH 3 COOC 2 H 5 ) with sodium or
sodium ethoxide. The compound
shows keto–enol *tautomerism and
contains about 7% of the enol form,
CH 3 C(OH):CHCOOC 2 H 5 , under normal conditions. Sometimes known as
acetoacetic ester, it is used in organic
synthesis.
ethyl acetate See ethyl ethanoate.
ethyl acetoacetonate See ethyl 3oxobutanoate.
ethyl alcohol See ethanol.
ethylamine A colourless Ûammable volatile liquid, C 2 H 5 NH 2 ; r.d. 0.69;
m.p. –81°C; b.p. 16.6°C. It is a primary amine made by reacting
chloroethane with ammonia and
used in making dyes.
ethylbenzene A colourless Ûammable liquid, C 6 H 5 C 2 H 5 ; r.d. 0.867;
m.p. –95°C; b.p. 136°C. It is made
from ethene and ethybenzene by a
*Friedel–Crafts reaction and is used
in making phenylethene (for polystyrene).
ethyl bromide See bromoethane.
ethylene See ethene.
ethylenediamine See 1,2-diaminoethane.
ethylene glycol See ethane1,2-diol.
ethylene oxide See epoxyethane.
ethyl ethanoate (ethyl acetate) A
colourless Ûammable liquid ester,
C 2 H 5 OOCCH 3 ; r.d. 0.9; m.p. –83.6°C;
ethanoyl group
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introduce ethanoyl groups into organic compounds containing –OH,
–NH 2 , and –SH groups. See acylation.
ethanoyl group (acetyl group) The
organic group CH 3 CO–.
ethene (ethylene) A colourless
Ûammable gaseous hydrocarbon,
C 2 H 4 ; m.p. –169°C; b.p. –103.7°C. It is
the Ürst member of the *alkene series of hydrocarbons. It is made by
cracking hydrocarbons from petroleum and is now a major raw material for making other organic
chemicals (e.g. ethanal, ethanol,
ethane-1,2-diol). It can be polymerized to *polyethene. It occurs naturally in plants, in which it acts as a
growth substance promoting the
ripening of fruits.
ethenone See ketene.
ethenyl ethanoate (vinyl acetate)
An unsaturated organic ester, CH 2 :
CHOOCCH 3 ; r.d. 0.9; m.p. –100°C;
b.p. 73°C. It is made by catalytic reaction of ethanoic acid and ethene and
used to make polyvinylacetate.
ether See ethoxyethane; ethers.
ethers Organic compounds containing the group –O– in their molecules.
Examples are dimethyl ether,
CH 3 OCH 3 , and diethyl ether,
C 2 H 5 OC 2 H 5 (see ethoxyethane). They
are volatile highly Ûammable compounds made by dehydrating alcohols using sulphuric acid.
A
• Information about IUPAC nomenclature
ethoxyethane (diethyl ether;
ether) A colourless Ûammable
volatile ether, C 2 H 5 OC 2 H 5 ; r.d. 0.71;
m.p. –116°C; b.p. 34.5°C. It can be
made by *Williamson’s synthesis. It
is an anaesthetic and useful organic
solvent. See ethers.
ethyl 3-oxobutanoate (ethyl
acetoacetonate) A colourless liquid
ester with a pleasant odour,
CH 3 COCH 2 COOC 2 H 5 ; r.d. 1.03; m.p.
<–80°C; b.p. 180.4°C. It can be prepared by reacting ethyl ethanoate
(CH 3 COOC 2 H 5 ) with sodium or
sodium ethoxide. The compound
shows keto–enol *tautomerism and
contains about 7% of the enol form,
CH 3 C(OH):CHCOOC 2 H 5 , under normal conditions. Sometimes known as
acetoacetic ester, it is used in organic
synthesis.
ethyl acetate See ethyl ethanoate.
ethyl acetoacetonate See ethyl 3oxobutanoate.
ethyl alcohol See ethanol.
ethylamine A colourless Ûammable volatile liquid, C 2 H 5 NH 2 ; r.d. 0.69;
m.p. –81°C; b.p. 16.6°C. It is a primary amine made by reacting
chloroethane with ammonia and
used in making dyes.
ethylbenzene A colourless Ûammable liquid, C 6 H 5 C 2 H 5 ; r.d. 0.867;
m.p. –95°C; b.p. 136°C. It is made
from ethene and ethybenzene by a
*Friedel–Crafts reaction and is used
in making phenylethene (for polystyrene).
ethyl bromide See bromoethane.
ethylene See ethene.
ethylenediamine See 1,2-diaminoethane.
ethylene glycol See ethane1,2-diol.
ethylene oxide See epoxyethane.
ethyl ethanoate (ethyl acetate) A
colourless Ûammable liquid ester,
C 2 H 5 OOCCH 3 ; r.d. 0.9; m.p. –83.6°C;
ethanoyl group
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