exist, used as sources of current,
standards of potential, and experimental set-ups for studying electrochemical reactions. See also dry cell;
primary cell; secondary cell;
lithium battery.
2. See kerr effect (for Kerr cell).
cellophane Reconstituted cellulose
in the form of a thin transparent
sheet, made by extruding a viscous
cellulose xanthate solution through a
Üne slit into a bath of acid (see
rayon). It is commonly used as a
wrapping material, especially for
foodstuffs, but is being replaced by
polypropene because of its Ûammability.
cellular plastic See expanded plastic.
cellular plastics Solid synthetic
materials having an open structure.
A common example is rigid *polystyrene foam used in insulation and
packaging.
celluloid A transparent highly
Ûammable substance made from cellulose nitrate with a camphor plasticizer. It was formerly widely used as
a thermoplastic material, especially
for Ülm (a use now discontinued
owing to the Ûammability of celluloid).
cellulose A polysaccharide that
consists of a long unbranched chain
of glucose units. It is the main constituent of the cell walls of all plants,
many algae, and some fungi and is
responsible for providing the rigidity
of the cell wall. It is an important
constituent of dietary Übre. The
Übrous nature of extracted cellulose
has led to its use in the textile industry for the production of cotton,
artiÜcial silk, etc.
cellulose acetate See cellulose
ethanoate.
cellulose ethanoate (cellulose acetate) A compound prepared by
treating cellulose (cotton linters or
wood pulp) with a mixture of
ethanoic anhydride, ethanoic acid,
and concentrated sulphuric acid. Cellulose in the cotton is ethanoylated
and when the resulting solution is
treated with water, cellulose
ethanoate forms as a Ûocculent white
mass. It is used in lacquers, nonshatterable glass, varnishes, and as a Übre
(see also rayon).
cellulose nitrate A highly Ûammable material made by treating cellulose (wood pulp) with concentrated
nitric acid. Despite the alternative
name nitrocellulose, the compound is
in fact an ester (containing CONO 2
groups), not a nitro compound
(which would contain C–NO 2 ). It is
used in explosives (as guncotton) and
celluloid.
Celsius scale A *temperature scale
in which the Üxed points are the
cellophane
110
c
CH 2 OH
CH 2 OH
O
H
OH
OH
OH
OH
O
OH
OH
O
14 b-glycosidic bonds
O O O
H H H
H H H
H
O O O
H
H
O O O
H
O O O
H
1
4
1
4
CH 2 OH
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
Cellulose
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standards of potential, and experimental set-ups for studying electrochemical reactions. See also dry cell;
primary cell; secondary cell;
lithium battery.
2. See kerr effect (for Kerr cell).
cellophane Reconstituted cellulose
in the form of a thin transparent
sheet, made by extruding a viscous
cellulose xanthate solution through a
Üne slit into a bath of acid (see
rayon). It is commonly used as a
wrapping material, especially for
foodstuffs, but is being replaced by
polypropene because of its Ûammability.
cellular plastic See expanded plastic.
cellular plastics Solid synthetic
materials having an open structure.
A common example is rigid *polystyrene foam used in insulation and
packaging.
celluloid A transparent highly
Ûammable substance made from cellulose nitrate with a camphor plasticizer. It was formerly widely used as
a thermoplastic material, especially
for Ülm (a use now discontinued
owing to the Ûammability of celluloid).
cellulose A polysaccharide that
consists of a long unbranched chain
of glucose units. It is the main constituent of the cell walls of all plants,
many algae, and some fungi and is
responsible for providing the rigidity
of the cell wall. It is an important
constituent of dietary Übre. The
Übrous nature of extracted cellulose
has led to its use in the textile industry for the production of cotton,
artiÜcial silk, etc.
cellulose acetate See cellulose
ethanoate.
cellulose ethanoate (cellulose acetate) A compound prepared by
treating cellulose (cotton linters or
wood pulp) with a mixture of
ethanoic anhydride, ethanoic acid,
and concentrated sulphuric acid. Cellulose in the cotton is ethanoylated
and when the resulting solution is
treated with water, cellulose
ethanoate forms as a Ûocculent white
mass. It is used in lacquers, nonshatterable glass, varnishes, and as a Übre
(see also rayon).
cellulose nitrate A highly Ûammable material made by treating cellulose (wood pulp) with concentrated
nitric acid. Despite the alternative
name nitrocellulose, the compound is
in fact an ester (containing CONO 2
groups), not a nitro compound
(which would contain C–NO 2 ). It is
used in explosives (as guncotton) and
celluloid.
Celsius scale A *temperature scale
in which the Üxed points are the
cellophane
110
c
CH 2 OH
CH 2 OH
O
H
OH
OH
OH
OH
O
OH
OH
O
14 b-glycosidic bonds
O O O
H H H
H H H
H
O O O
H
H
O O O
H
O O O
H
1
4
1
4
CH 2 OH
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
Cellulose
www.AzShimi.ir www.AzShimi.com