Plant Morphological, Physiological Traits
Associated with Adaptation Against Heat
Stress in Wheat and Maize
3
Rahul Gajghate, Dipanti Chourasiya, Harikrishna, and
Ram Kumar Sharma
Abstract
Increase in global temperature adversely affects the growth, development, and
productivity of crops worldwide. Among major cereals, wheat and maize are
important crops grown across the world which are adversely affected by heat
stress. High temperature leads to poor germination, reduced water and nutrient
uptake and increase in evapotranspiration. The major impact of heat stress
severely seen in the reproductive stage leads to sterility, incomplete filling of
grains, and loss of grain yield. The reduction in photosynthesis by deactivating
photosynthetic enzymes and the release of reactive oxygen species in the cell
organelle are the constraints due to high temperature. The small effects can be
suppressed by the plant itself by releasing phytohormones, which helps to
maintain homeostasis and increase the recovery rate from damage. To develop
heat-tolerant high yielding varieties responses to high temperature must be
systematically understood. Several screening methods and selection indices
under field trial help the breeder to identify the tolerant lines. For obtaining
efficient heat-tolerant genotypes, the transgenic, gene editing approaches
consolidated with marker aided selection programs for heat stress-related genes
with the application of molecular breeding techniques like marker-assisted recurrent selection and genomic selection will help in enhancing genetic gains in these
crops.
R. Gajghate (*)
ICAR-Indian Grassland and Fodder Research Institute, Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh, India
D. Chourasiya
ICAR-Indian Institute of Soybean Research, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India
Harikrishna · R. K. Sharma
Division of Genetics, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
# The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte
Ltd. 2020
B. Giri, M. P. Sharma (eds.), Plant Stress Biology,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-9380-2_3
51
Associated with Adaptation Against Heat
Stress in Wheat and Maize
3
Rahul Gajghate, Dipanti Chourasiya, Harikrishna, and
Ram Kumar Sharma
Abstract
Increase in global temperature adversely affects the growth, development, and
productivity of crops worldwide. Among major cereals, wheat and maize are
important crops grown across the world which are adversely affected by heat
stress. High temperature leads to poor germination, reduced water and nutrient
uptake and increase in evapotranspiration. The major impact of heat stress
severely seen in the reproductive stage leads to sterility, incomplete filling of
grains, and loss of grain yield. The reduction in photosynthesis by deactivating
photosynthetic enzymes and the release of reactive oxygen species in the cell
organelle are the constraints due to high temperature. The small effects can be
suppressed by the plant itself by releasing phytohormones, which helps to
maintain homeostasis and increase the recovery rate from damage. To develop
heat-tolerant high yielding varieties responses to high temperature must be
systematically understood. Several screening methods and selection indices
under field trial help the breeder to identify the tolerant lines. For obtaining
efficient heat-tolerant genotypes, the transgenic, gene editing approaches
consolidated with marker aided selection programs for heat stress-related genes
with the application of molecular breeding techniques like marker-assisted recurrent selection and genomic selection will help in enhancing genetic gains in these
crops.
R. Gajghate (*)
ICAR-Indian Grassland and Fodder Research Institute, Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh, India
D. Chourasiya
ICAR-Indian Institute of Soybean Research, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India
Harikrishna · R. K. Sharma
Division of Genetics, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
# The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte
Ltd. 2020
B. Giri, M. P. Sharma (eds.), Plant Stress Biology,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-9380-2_3
51