29
Leonard AFC, Zhang L, Balfour AJ, Garside R, Gaze WH (2015) Human recreational exposure
to antibiotic resistant bacteria in coastal bathing waters. Environ Int 82(September):92–100.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2015.02.013
Leung E, Weil DE, Raviglione M, Nakatani H (2011) The WHO policy package to combat antimicrobial resistance. Bull World Health Organ 89(May):390–392. https://doi.org/10.2471/
BLT.11.088435
Li X, Shi H, Li K, Liang Z, Gan Y (2014) Occurrence and fate of antibiotics in advanced wastewater
treatment facilities and receiving rivers in Beijing, China. Front Environ Sci Eng 8(6):888–894.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11783-014-0735-0
Lihan S, Tian PK, Chiew TS, Ching CL, Shahbudin A, Hussain H, Mohd-Azlan J (2016) The
distribution and characteristics of bacteria in recreational river water of a community resort in
Baram, Sarawak, Malaysian Borneo. https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/The-distributionand-characteristics-of-bacteria-in-Lihan-Tian/85dd29cd2936b0a4f8529f256a5da287bc9e
b5f7
Lin J, Biyela PT, Puckree T (2004) Antibiotic resistance profiles of environmental isolates from
Mhlathuze River, KwaZulu-Natal (RSA). Water SA 30(1):23–28. https://doi.org/10.4314/wsa.
v30i1.5022
Lipsitch M, Singer RS, Levin BR (2002) Antibiotics in agriculture: when is it time to close the barn
door? Proc Natl Acad Sci 99(9):5752. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.092142499
Liu Y-Y, Yang W, Walsh TR, Yi L-X, Zhang R, Spencer J, Doi Y et al (2016) Emergence of
plasmid- mediated colistin resistance mechanism MCR-1 in animals and human beings in
China: a microbiological and molecular biological study. Lancet Infect Dis 16(2):161–168.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(15)00424-7
Llor C, Bjerrum L (2014) Antimicrobial resistance: risk associated with antibiotic overuse and initiatives to reduce the problem. Ther Adv Drug Saf 5(6):229–241. https://doi.
org/10.1177/2042098614554919
Lozano C, Gharsa H, Ben Slama K, Zarazaga M, Torres C (2016) Staphylococcus aureus in animals and food: methicillin resistance, prevalence and population structure. A review in the
African continent. Microorganisms 4(1):12. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms4010012
Ma Q, Xu X, Luo M, Wang J, Yang C, Hu X, Liang B et al (2017) A waterborne outbreak of
Shigella sonnei with resistance to azithromycin and third-generation cephalosporins in China
in 2015. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 61(6). https://doi.org/10.1128/AAC.00308-17
Marshall BM, Levy SB (2011) Food animals and antimicrobials: impacts on human health. Clin
Microbiol Rev 24(4):718–733. https://doi.org/10.1128/CMR.00002-11
Marti R, Scott A, Tien YC, Murray R, Sabourin L, Zhang Y, Topp E (2013) Impact of manure
fertilization on the abundance of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and frequency of detection
of antibiotic resistance genes in soil and on vegetables at harvest. Appl Environ Microbiol
79(18):5701–5709. https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.01682-13
Marti E, Variatza E, Balcazar JL (2014) The role of aquatic ecosystems as reservoirs of antibiotic
resistance. Trends Microbiol 22(1):36–41. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tim.2013.11.001
Martinez JL (2009) Environmental pollution by antibiotics and by antibiotic resistance determinants. Environ Pollut 157(11):2893–2902. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2009.05.051
Martínez JL, Coque TM, Baquero F (2015) What is a resistance gene? Ranking risk in resistomes.
Nat Rev Microbiol 13(2):116–123. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrmicro3399
Masterton RG (2011) Antibiotic de-escalation. Crit Care Clin 27(1):149–162. https://doi.
org/10.1016/j.ccc.2010.09.009
Mcewen S (2012) Quantitative human health risk assessments of antimicrobial use in animals and
selection of resistance: a review of publicly available reports. Revue Scientifique et Technique
McKenzie D, Rawlins M, Del Mar C (2013) Antimicrobial stewardship: What’s it all about? Aust
Prescr 36(4):116–120. https://doi.org/10.18773/austprescr.2013.045
McLain JE, Cytryn E, Durso LM, Young S (2016) Culture-based methods for detection of antibiotic resistance in agroecosystems: advantages, challenges, and gaps in knowledge. J Environ
Qual 45(2):432–440. https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2015.06.0317
1 Antimicrobial Resistance Paradigm and One-Health Approach
Leonard AFC, Zhang L, Balfour AJ, Garside R, Gaze WH (2015) Human recreational exposure
to antibiotic resistant bacteria in coastal bathing waters. Environ Int 82(September):92–100.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2015.02.013
Leung E, Weil DE, Raviglione M, Nakatani H (2011) The WHO policy package to combat antimicrobial resistance. Bull World Health Organ 89(May):390–392. https://doi.org/10.2471/
BLT.11.088435
Li X, Shi H, Li K, Liang Z, Gan Y (2014) Occurrence and fate of antibiotics in advanced wastewater
treatment facilities and receiving rivers in Beijing, China. Front Environ Sci Eng 8(6):888–894.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11783-014-0735-0
Lihan S, Tian PK, Chiew TS, Ching CL, Shahbudin A, Hussain H, Mohd-Azlan J (2016) The
distribution and characteristics of bacteria in recreational river water of a community resort in
Baram, Sarawak, Malaysian Borneo. https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/The-distributionand-characteristics-of-bacteria-in-Lihan-Tian/85dd29cd2936b0a4f8529f256a5da287bc9e
b5f7
Lin J, Biyela PT, Puckree T (2004) Antibiotic resistance profiles of environmental isolates from
Mhlathuze River, KwaZulu-Natal (RSA). Water SA 30(1):23–28. https://doi.org/10.4314/wsa.
v30i1.5022
Lipsitch M, Singer RS, Levin BR (2002) Antibiotics in agriculture: when is it time to close the barn
door? Proc Natl Acad Sci 99(9):5752. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.092142499
Liu Y-Y, Yang W, Walsh TR, Yi L-X, Zhang R, Spencer J, Doi Y et al (2016) Emergence of
plasmid- mediated colistin resistance mechanism MCR-1 in animals and human beings in
China: a microbiological and molecular biological study. Lancet Infect Dis 16(2):161–168.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(15)00424-7
Llor C, Bjerrum L (2014) Antimicrobial resistance: risk associated with antibiotic overuse and initiatives to reduce the problem. Ther Adv Drug Saf 5(6):229–241. https://doi.
org/10.1177/2042098614554919
Lozano C, Gharsa H, Ben Slama K, Zarazaga M, Torres C (2016) Staphylococcus aureus in animals and food: methicillin resistance, prevalence and population structure. A review in the
African continent. Microorganisms 4(1):12. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms4010012
Ma Q, Xu X, Luo M, Wang J, Yang C, Hu X, Liang B et al (2017) A waterborne outbreak of
Shigella sonnei with resistance to azithromycin and third-generation cephalosporins in China
in 2015. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 61(6). https://doi.org/10.1128/AAC.00308-17
Marshall BM, Levy SB (2011) Food animals and antimicrobials: impacts on human health. Clin
Microbiol Rev 24(4):718–733. https://doi.org/10.1128/CMR.00002-11
Marti R, Scott A, Tien YC, Murray R, Sabourin L, Zhang Y, Topp E (2013) Impact of manure
fertilization on the abundance of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and frequency of detection
of antibiotic resistance genes in soil and on vegetables at harvest. Appl Environ Microbiol
79(18):5701–5709. https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.01682-13
Marti E, Variatza E, Balcazar JL (2014) The role of aquatic ecosystems as reservoirs of antibiotic
resistance. Trends Microbiol 22(1):36–41. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tim.2013.11.001
Martinez JL (2009) Environmental pollution by antibiotics and by antibiotic resistance determinants. Environ Pollut 157(11):2893–2902. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2009.05.051
Martínez JL, Coque TM, Baquero F (2015) What is a resistance gene? Ranking risk in resistomes.
Nat Rev Microbiol 13(2):116–123. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrmicro3399
Masterton RG (2011) Antibiotic de-escalation. Crit Care Clin 27(1):149–162. https://doi.
org/10.1016/j.ccc.2010.09.009
Mcewen S (2012) Quantitative human health risk assessments of antimicrobial use in animals and
selection of resistance: a review of publicly available reports. Revue Scientifique et Technique
McKenzie D, Rawlins M, Del Mar C (2013) Antimicrobial stewardship: What’s it all about? Aust
Prescr 36(4):116–120. https://doi.org/10.18773/austprescr.2013.045
McLain JE, Cytryn E, Durso LM, Young S (2016) Culture-based methods for detection of antibiotic resistance in agroecosystems: advantages, challenges, and gaps in knowledge. J Environ
Qual 45(2):432–440. https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2015.06.0317
1 Antimicrobial Resistance Paradigm and One-Health Approach