23
Thus, a holistic view is warranted which is possible only by working within ‘One
Health’ framework. The lack of reliable information and coordination between
these stakeholders further increases the knowledge divide (Fisman and Laupland
2010). It would be helpful in decreasing confusion between the relevance and limit
of standards for antibiotic resistance in microbes isolated from environment and its
comparability with human clinical strains (McLain et al. 2016). One Health is based
on science-based risk management policies approach, works across over-lapping
disciplines and administrative sectors and focusses on strengthening of skilled
infrastructure and manpower in low-resource countries. One Health approach effectively bridges these gaps and provides reliable overlap between the stakeholders and
ensures exchange of credible information (Gebreyes et al. 2014).
1.5 Conclusion
We understand about the numerous overlaps between the animals, humans and the
environment, which also forms the basis for exchange of the risks associated with
each of these interacting domains. Recent outbreaks in humans originating from
zoonotic reservoirs have further underscored this inter-relatedness and the importance of ‘One-Health’. Although, very wide in terms of its scope, ‘One-Health’
approach is the only solution to regulate scope with multifactorial menace of antimicrobial resistance. The confounding factors of antimicrobial resistance stem from
the different biotic and abiotic spheres of earth. Although, clinicians, health professionals and regulatory agencies have initiated wonderful strides, but a lot needs to
be done to generate quantifiable information for usage in reliable predictive models.
We have to put more focus on the traceability of the sources and integration of information to update and accentuate the strategies and policies to mitigate the situation
of antimicrobial resistance. Although applicable to both developing and developed
countries, this is particularly useful for low- and middle-income countries, in which
the updated safety measures and practices could be effectively implemented.
Unarguably, all the spheres of life are stakeholders in the issue of antimicrobial
resistance, but most of these domains have been largely ignored, due to too much
focus on the human-related information. The origin and rapid exchange of antimicrobial resistance determinants between these domains have made any alienation of
individual domain to be nearly impossible. The prevailing superiority and the associated romanticism with (only) human, data needs to be supplemented with information from veterinary and environmental sources. The colossal task to combat
antimicrobial resistance ranges from effective surveillance, tight regulations, regulated use and development of novel antimicrobials. This requires integration of
available information from each spheres of life and ‘One-Health’ approach appropriately addresses the emergence of antimicrobial resistance, regardless of the site
of use of antibiotics or otherwise.
1 Antimicrobial Resistance Paradigm and One-Health Approach
Thus, a holistic view is warranted which is possible only by working within ‘One
Health’ framework. The lack of reliable information and coordination between
these stakeholders further increases the knowledge divide (Fisman and Laupland
2010). It would be helpful in decreasing confusion between the relevance and limit
of standards for antibiotic resistance in microbes isolated from environment and its
comparability with human clinical strains (McLain et al. 2016). One Health is based
on science-based risk management policies approach, works across over-lapping
disciplines and administrative sectors and focusses on strengthening of skilled
infrastructure and manpower in low-resource countries. One Health approach effectively bridges these gaps and provides reliable overlap between the stakeholders and
ensures exchange of credible information (Gebreyes et al. 2014).
1.5 Conclusion
We understand about the numerous overlaps between the animals, humans and the
environment, which also forms the basis for exchange of the risks associated with
each of these interacting domains. Recent outbreaks in humans originating from
zoonotic reservoirs have further underscored this inter-relatedness and the importance of ‘One-Health’. Although, very wide in terms of its scope, ‘One-Health’
approach is the only solution to regulate scope with multifactorial menace of antimicrobial resistance. The confounding factors of antimicrobial resistance stem from
the different biotic and abiotic spheres of earth. Although, clinicians, health professionals and regulatory agencies have initiated wonderful strides, but a lot needs to
be done to generate quantifiable information for usage in reliable predictive models.
We have to put more focus on the traceability of the sources and integration of information to update and accentuate the strategies and policies to mitigate the situation
of antimicrobial resistance. Although applicable to both developing and developed
countries, this is particularly useful for low- and middle-income countries, in which
the updated safety measures and practices could be effectively implemented.
Unarguably, all the spheres of life are stakeholders in the issue of antimicrobial
resistance, but most of these domains have been largely ignored, due to too much
focus on the human-related information. The origin and rapid exchange of antimicrobial resistance determinants between these domains have made any alienation of
individual domain to be nearly impossible. The prevailing superiority and the associated romanticism with (only) human, data needs to be supplemented with information from veterinary and environmental sources. The colossal task to combat
antimicrobial resistance ranges from effective surveillance, tight regulations, regulated use and development of novel antimicrobials. This requires integration of
available information from each spheres of life and ‘One-Health’ approach appropriately addresses the emergence of antimicrobial resistance, regardless of the site
of use of antibiotics or otherwise.
1 Antimicrobial Resistance Paradigm and One-Health Approach