129
© The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to
Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
H. Panwar et al. (eds.), Sustainable Agriculture Reviews 46, Sustainable
Agriculture Reviews 46, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-53024-2_6
Chapter 6
Role of Gene Editing Tool CRISPR-Cas
in the Management of Antimicrobial
Resistance
A. Parul Sarma, Chhavi Jain, Manu Solanki, Rajesh Ghangal,
and Soma Patnaik
Abstract The advent of drug discovery and advancement in developing new class
of antimicrobial drugs has affected the microbial population. However, the microbial population has been very smart in developing themselves in order to overcome
the onslaught of antimicrobial drugs and have evolved, rendering most of the commonly used antimicrobial drugs less effective. The world is looking at a problem
where the infectious strains of microbes are emerging successful in the battle of
drugs versus microbes. Researchers are working on different ways to overcome
antimicrobial resistance. Gene editing using clustered regularly interspaced short
palindromic repeats and its associated proteins (CRISPR-Cas) technique has
emerged as one of the potential techniques to overcome antimicrobial resistance in
microbes.
CRISPR-Cas machinery is an adaptive immune system found in bacteria and
archaea. Using this machinery, the organisms eliminate the foreign invading genetic
material. Literature reports suggest the potential of CRISPR-Cas system in removing antibiotic resistant genes in various strains of bacteria. The chapter enlists some
of the prominent studies carried out to mitigate antimicrobial resistance using
CRISPR-Cas system. The different strategies to deliver CRISPR-Cas system in
microbes has been discussed in the chapter. The chapter also outlines the challenges
associated with this novel technique against the emerging antimicrobial resistance.
Keywords CRISPR · Cas · Antimicrobial resistance · Gene transfer · Guide RNA
· RNA binates · CRISPR RNA · Anti-CRISPRs · Precursor CRISPR RNA ·
Protospacer adjacent motif
A. P. Sarma · C. Jain · M. Solanki · S. Patnaik (*)
Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Manav Rachna
International Institute of Research and Studies, Faridabad, Haryana, India
e-mail: soma.fet@mriu.edu.in
R. Ghangal
Department of Biotechnology, CGO Complex, Lodhi Road, New Delhi, India
© The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to
Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
H. Panwar et al. (eds.), Sustainable Agriculture Reviews 46, Sustainable
Agriculture Reviews 46, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-53024-2_6
Chapter 6
Role of Gene Editing Tool CRISPR-Cas
in the Management of Antimicrobial
Resistance
A. Parul Sarma, Chhavi Jain, Manu Solanki, Rajesh Ghangal,
and Soma Patnaik
Abstract The advent of drug discovery and advancement in developing new class
of antimicrobial drugs has affected the microbial population. However, the microbial population has been very smart in developing themselves in order to overcome
the onslaught of antimicrobial drugs and have evolved, rendering most of the commonly used antimicrobial drugs less effective. The world is looking at a problem
where the infectious strains of microbes are emerging successful in the battle of
drugs versus microbes. Researchers are working on different ways to overcome
antimicrobial resistance. Gene editing using clustered regularly interspaced short
palindromic repeats and its associated proteins (CRISPR-Cas) technique has
emerged as one of the potential techniques to overcome antimicrobial resistance in
microbes.
CRISPR-Cas machinery is an adaptive immune system found in bacteria and
archaea. Using this machinery, the organisms eliminate the foreign invading genetic
material. Literature reports suggest the potential of CRISPR-Cas system in removing antibiotic resistant genes in various strains of bacteria. The chapter enlists some
of the prominent studies carried out to mitigate antimicrobial resistance using
CRISPR-Cas system. The different strategies to deliver CRISPR-Cas system in
microbes has been discussed in the chapter. The chapter also outlines the challenges
associated with this novel technique against the emerging antimicrobial resistance.
Keywords CRISPR · Cas · Antimicrobial resistance · Gene transfer · Guide RNA
· RNA binates · CRISPR RNA · Anti-CRISPRs · Precursor CRISPR RNA ·
Protospacer adjacent motif
A. P. Sarma · C. Jain · M. Solanki · S. Patnaik (*)
Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Manav Rachna
International Institute of Research and Studies, Faridabad, Haryana, India
e-mail: soma.fet@mriu.edu.in
R. Ghangal
Department of Biotechnology, CGO Complex, Lodhi Road, New Delhi, India