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Table 4.1 2019 WHO List of Critically Important Antimicrobials for Human Medicine’ (WHO
CIA List). List and classification of antimicrobials important for human medicine. Some
antimicrobials are used only in people, some in both people and animals (e.g. erythromycin,
ampicillin, colistin)
Antimicrobial class
Example of antimicrobial(s)
Critically important antimicrobials
Aminoglycosides
Gentamicin
Ansamycins
Rifampicin
Carbapenems and other penems
Meropenem
Cephalosporins (3rd, 4th and 5th generation)
Ceftriaxone, Cefepime, Ceftaroline, and
Ceftobiprole
Glycopeptides
Vancomycin
Glycylcyclines
Tigecycline
Lipopeptides
Daptomycin
Macrolides and ketolides
Azithromycin, erythromycin,
Telithromycin
Monobactams
Aztreonam
Oxazolidinones
Linezolid
Penicillins (antipseudomonal)
Piperacillin
Penicillins (aminopenicillins)
Ampicillin
Penicillins (aminopenicillin with beta-lactamase
inhibitors)
Amoxicillin-clavulanic-acid
Phosphonic acid derivatives
Fosfomycin
Polymyxins
Colistin
Quinolones
Ciprofloxacin
Drugs used solely to treat tuberculosis or other
mycobacterial diseases
Isoniazid
Highly important antimicrobials
Amphenicols
Chloramphenicol, Thiamphenicol
Cephalosporins (1st and 2nd generations) and
cephamycins
Cefazolin
Lincosamides
Clindamycin
Penicillins (amidinopenicillins)
Mecillinam
Penicillins (narrow spectrum)
Benzathine-benzylpenicillin,
Phenoxymethylpenicillin
Penicillins (anti-staphylococcal)
Flucloxacillin
Pseudomonic acids
Mupirocin
Riminofenazines
Clofazimine
Steroid antibacterials
Fusidic acid
Streptogramins
Quinupristin/Dalfopristin
Sulfonamides, dihydrofolate reductase inhibitors
and combinations
Sulfamethoxazole, trimethoprim
Sulfones
Dapsone
Tetracyclines
Chlortetracycline
(continued)
4 In Silico Approaches for Prioritizing Drug Targets in Pathogens