91
the accumulated data allows for increasingly accurate predictions in support of the
breeding process, allowing modern breeders to cross inbreds chosen from the germplasm pools to obtain high-performing hybrids that respond to specific biotic and
abiotic stress conditions while maximizing yield for the targeted maturity zone.
That is the strength of the large agricultural input multinationals. But we are entering an era of complementarity with developers of early stage technologies, whether
they are in the public sector or at startups, where the diverse models of open innovation are expected to play a larger role than in the past. The convergence of innovators in a highly technological sector of enormous breadth and scale has the potential
to shape the future of agriculture into one that can feed the world’s nine billion
people in a sustainable and environmentally friendly way.
Acknowledgments Innovation is about people’s connections, and we would like to wholeheartedly thank Dr. David Meyer (Corteva Agriscience) for connecting us. Without David’s willingness
and generosity to put us in touch, this chapter would not have been possible. Hugo Campos
acknowledges the financial support of the CGIAR Research Program on Roots, Tubers and
Bananas (RTB), supported by CGIAR Trust Fund contributors (https://www.cgiar.org/funders/),
and is also very grateful to the support of a Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation investment
(OPP1213329) awarded to the International Potato Center.
We would also like to thank Prof. Henry Chesbrough (University of California at Berkeley) for
granting permission to use, and modify, Fig. 3.1.
References
Ausubel FM (2000) Arabidopsis genome. A milestone in plant biology. Plant Physiol
124:1451–1454
Bernardo R, Yu J (2007) Prospects for genome-wide selection for quantitative traits in maize. Crop
Sci 47:1082–1090
Bevan M, Walsh S (2005) The Arabidopsis genome: a foundation for plant research. Genome Res
15:1632–1642
Bocquet-Appel JP (2011) When the world’s population took off: the springboard of the Neolithic
demographic transition. Science 333(6042):560–561
Brem A, Nylund P, Hitchen E (2017) Open innovation and intellectual property rights. Manag
Decis 55(6):1285–1306
Chen K, Wang Y, Zhang R, Zhang H, Gao C (2019) CRISPR/Cas genome editing and precision
plant breeding in agriculture. Annu Rev Plant Biol 70:667–697
Chesbrough HW (2003) Open innovation. Harvard Business School Press, Boston, 227p
Chesbrough HW, Bogers M (2014) Explicating open innovation: clarifying an emerging paradigm
for understanding innovation. In: Chesbrough HW, Vanhaverbeke W, West J (eds) New frontiers in open innovation. Oxford University Press, Oxford, United England, pp 1–37
Christensen JF (2006) Wither core competency for the large corporation in an open innovation
world? In: Chesbrough HW, Vanhaverbeke W, West J (eds) Open innovation: researching a new
paradigm. Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK
Crow JF (1998) 90 years ago: the beginning of hybrid maize. Genetics 148(3):923–928
Dahlander L, Gann DM (2010) How open is innovation? Res Policy 39(6):699–709
Diamond J (1997) Guns, germs, and steel: the fates of human societies. W.W. Norton & Company.
480 p. ISBN 978-0-393-03891-0. OCLC 35792200
3 Open Innovation and Value Creation in Crop Genetics
the accumulated data allows for increasingly accurate predictions in support of the
breeding process, allowing modern breeders to cross inbreds chosen from the germplasm pools to obtain high-performing hybrids that respond to specific biotic and
abiotic stress conditions while maximizing yield for the targeted maturity zone.
That is the strength of the large agricultural input multinationals. But we are entering an era of complementarity with developers of early stage technologies, whether
they are in the public sector or at startups, where the diverse models of open innovation are expected to play a larger role than in the past. The convergence of innovators in a highly technological sector of enormous breadth and scale has the potential
to shape the future of agriculture into one that can feed the world’s nine billion
people in a sustainable and environmentally friendly way.
Acknowledgments Innovation is about people’s connections, and we would like to wholeheartedly thank Dr. David Meyer (Corteva Agriscience) for connecting us. Without David’s willingness
and generosity to put us in touch, this chapter would not have been possible. Hugo Campos
acknowledges the financial support of the CGIAR Research Program on Roots, Tubers and
Bananas (RTB), supported by CGIAR Trust Fund contributors (https://www.cgiar.org/funders/),
and is also very grateful to the support of a Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation investment
(OPP1213329) awarded to the International Potato Center.
We would also like to thank Prof. Henry Chesbrough (University of California at Berkeley) for
granting permission to use, and modify, Fig. 3.1.
References
Ausubel FM (2000) Arabidopsis genome. A milestone in plant biology. Plant Physiol
124:1451–1454
Bernardo R, Yu J (2007) Prospects for genome-wide selection for quantitative traits in maize. Crop
Sci 47:1082–1090
Bevan M, Walsh S (2005) The Arabidopsis genome: a foundation for plant research. Genome Res
15:1632–1642
Bocquet-Appel JP (2011) When the world’s population took off: the springboard of the Neolithic
demographic transition. Science 333(6042):560–561
Brem A, Nylund P, Hitchen E (2017) Open innovation and intellectual property rights. Manag
Decis 55(6):1285–1306
Chen K, Wang Y, Zhang R, Zhang H, Gao C (2019) CRISPR/Cas genome editing and precision
plant breeding in agriculture. Annu Rev Plant Biol 70:667–697
Chesbrough HW (2003) Open innovation. Harvard Business School Press, Boston, 227p
Chesbrough HW, Bogers M (2014) Explicating open innovation: clarifying an emerging paradigm
for understanding innovation. In: Chesbrough HW, Vanhaverbeke W, West J (eds) New frontiers in open innovation. Oxford University Press, Oxford, United England, pp 1–37
Christensen JF (2006) Wither core competency for the large corporation in an open innovation
world? In: Chesbrough HW, Vanhaverbeke W, West J (eds) Open innovation: researching a new
paradigm. Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK
Crow JF (1998) 90 years ago: the beginning of hybrid maize. Genetics 148(3):923–928
Dahlander L, Gann DM (2010) How open is innovation? Res Policy 39(6):699–709
Diamond J (1997) Guns, germs, and steel: the fates of human societies. W.W. Norton & Company.
480 p. ISBN 978-0-393-03891-0. OCLC 35792200
3 Open Innovation and Value Creation in Crop Genetics