that as value of n increases from n = 1 to n > 21, some
occurrence of nuclear transformations that the nucleus
undergoes in order to gain stability are noted. These
transformations include beta decay and gamma decay.
However, some unknown kind of radiations are generated when the value of n increases consecutively from
n = 1 to n = 2, 3, 4, or 5 for the hyperheavy isobars as
shown in Tables 2 and 3. It is recommended that, some
further investigations on the unknown form of radiations can be carried out in order to describe the kind of
nucleon interactions that may take place as n increases
at the initial stages of the nuclear transformations.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
We are indeed very grateful to the ministry of
education, higher loans education board of kenya
for supporting this work under scholarship award:
HELB/45/003/VL.II/100 (2017/2018).
REFERENCES
Afanasjev, A. V., Agbemava, S. E., & Gyawali, A. (2018).
Hyperheavy nuclei: Existence and stability. Physics Letters B, 782,533–540. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physletb.
2018.05.070
Afanasjev, A. V., & Frauendorf, S. (2005). Central depression
in nuclear density and its consequences for the shell structure of superheavy nuclei. Physical Review C, 71(2), 1-5.
https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevc.71.024308
Akram, M., Ullah, H. Z., Altaf, S., Iqbal, K., Altaf, S. M.,
Khan, M. A., & Buzdar, S. A. (2018). Radiation absorbed
dose for cobalt-60 gamma source in phantoms for different materials. The Journal of the Pakistan Medical
Association, 68(2), 264–267.
Anderson, J. D., Wong, C., & McClure, J. W. (1962). Isobaric
States in Nonmirror Nuclei. Physical Review, 126(4),
2170–2173. https://doi.org/10.1103/physrev.126.2170
Bender, M., Rutz, K., Reinhard, P.-G., Maruhn, J. A., &
Greiner, W. (1999). Shell structure of superheavy nuclei
in self-consistent mean-field models. Physical Review C,
60(3), 1–22. https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevc.60.034304
Bjørnholm, S., & Lynn, J. E. (1980). The double-humped
fission barrier. Reviews of Modern Physics, 52(2), 725–
931. https://doi.org/10.1103/revmodphys.52.725
Cameron, I. R. (2012). Nuclear fission reactors. Springer
Science & Business Media.
Cherop, K. H. (2020). The significance of the modified
Coulomb energy model in the binding energy equation. Scientific Israel-Technological Advantages, 22(2),
3–14.
Cherop, H. K., Muguro, K. M., & Khanna, K. M. (2019).
The Role of the Modified Coulomb Energy in the
Binding Energy Equation for Finite Nuclei. Scientific
Israel-Technological Advantages, 21(5–6), 82–89.
Dai, H., Wang, R., Huang, Y., & Chen, X. (2017). A
novel nuclear dependence of nucleon–nucleon shortrange correlations. Physics Letters B, 769, 446–450.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physletb.2017.04.015
Epiotis, N. D., & Henze, D. K. (2003). Periodic Table
(Chemistry).
Feshbach, H., & Kerman, A. (1967). Isobar Analogue
States. Comments Nucl. Part. Phys., 1, 69–74.
Fricke, B., Greiner, W., & Waber, J. T. (1971). The continuation of the periodic table up to Z = 172. The chemistry
of superheavy elements. Theoretica Chimica Acta, 21(3),
235–260. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf01172015
Friedman, J. I. (1991). Deep inelastic scattering: Comparisons with the quark model. Reviews of Modern Physics,
63(3), 615–627. https://doi.org/10.1103/revmodphys.
63.615
Gell-Mann, M., & Fritzsch, H. (2010). Murray Gell-Mann:
Selected Papers (Vol. 40). World Scientific.
Greiner, W. & Maruhn, J. A. (1996). “Nuclear models,”
Berlin: Springer-Verlag, p.77.
Guo, F. (2018). 3-D treatment planning system—Leksell
Gamma Knife treatment planning system. Medical
Dosimetry, 43(2), 177–183. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.
meddos.2018.03.001
Heyde, K. (2004). Basic ideas and concepts in nuclear
physics: an introductory approach. CRC Press.
Indelicato, P., Bieroñ, J., & Jönsson, P. (2011). Are
MCDF calculations 101% correct in the super-heavy elements range? Theoretical Chemistry Accounts, 129(3–5),
495–505. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00214-010-0887-3
Jevremovic, T. (2005). Nuclear Reactor Control: Methods
of reactor control, Fission product poisoning and Reactivity coefficients. Nuclear Principles in Engineering,
397–424.
Kauffman, G. B. (1983). Alias J. J. Connington: the life
and work of Alfred W. Stewart (1880-1947) chemist
and novelist. Journal of Chemical Education, 60(1), 38.
https://doi.org/10.1021/ed060p38
Knauer, J., & Martin, R. (2012). Chemical Technology Division Oak Ridge National Laboratory. Californium-252
Isotope for 21st Century Radiotherapy, 29, p. 10.
Kohman, T. P., & Robison, M. S. (1980). Iron-60 as a possible heat source and chronometer in the early Solar
System. Lunar and Planetary Science Conference (Vol.
11, pp. 564–566).
Kosior, A., Staszczak, A., & Wong, C.-Y. (2017). Toroidal
Nuclear Matter Distributions of Superheavy Nuclei
from Constrained Skyrme–HFB Calculations. Acta Physica Polonica B Proceedings Supplement, 10(1), 249.
https://doi.org/10.5506/aphyspolbsupp.10.249
Masefield, J., Morrissey, B., Chitra, J., Bennett, N., Mathias,
L., & Brinston, R. (2008). Cobalt-60 Use and Disposal:An
Established Pathway. International Meeting on Radiation
Processing.
McArthur, D. N. (1947). Prof. A. W. Stewart. Nature,
160(4056), 116. https://doi.org/10.1038/160116a0
Oganessian, Y. (2012). Nuclei in the “Island of Stability”
of Superheavy Elements. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 337, 012005. https://doi.org/10.1088/17426596/337/1/012005
Pyykkö, P. (2011). A suggested periodic table up to Z
≤ 172, based on Dirac–Fock calculations on atoms
and ions. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 13(1), 161–168.
https://doi.org/10.1039/c0cp01575j
Rowe, D. J., & Wood, J. L. (2010). Fundamentals of nuclear
models: foundational models. World Scientific Publishing
Company.
¸
Sahin, S., & Ligou, J. (1980). The Effect of the Spontaneous Fission of Plutonium-240 on the Energy Release in
a Nuclear Explosive. Nuclear Technology, 50(1), 88–94.
https://doi.org/10.13182/nt80-a17072
Stacey, W. M. (2018). Nuclear reactor physics. John Wiley
& Sons.
Takeuchi, S., Shimoura, S., Motobayashi, T., Akiyoshi, H.,
Ando, Y., Aoi, N., Fü, Z., Gomi, T., Higurashi, Y.,
Hirai, M., Iwasa, N., Iwasaki, H., Iwata, Y., Kobayashi,
200
occurrence of nuclear transformations that the nucleus
undergoes in order to gain stability are noted. These
transformations include beta decay and gamma decay.
However, some unknown kind of radiations are generated when the value of n increases consecutively from
n = 1 to n = 2, 3, 4, or 5 for the hyperheavy isobars as
shown in Tables 2 and 3. It is recommended that, some
further investigations on the unknown form of radiations can be carried out in order to describe the kind of
nucleon interactions that may take place as n increases
at the initial stages of the nuclear transformations.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
We are indeed very grateful to the ministry of
education, higher loans education board of kenya
for supporting this work under scholarship award:
HELB/45/003/VL.II/100 (2017/2018).
REFERENCES
Afanasjev, A. V., Agbemava, S. E., & Gyawali, A. (2018).
Hyperheavy nuclei: Existence and stability. Physics Letters B, 782,533–540. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physletb.
2018.05.070
Afanasjev, A. V., & Frauendorf, S. (2005). Central depression
in nuclear density and its consequences for the shell structure of superheavy nuclei. Physical Review C, 71(2), 1-5.
https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevc.71.024308
Akram, M., Ullah, H. Z., Altaf, S., Iqbal, K., Altaf, S. M.,
Khan, M. A., & Buzdar, S. A. (2018). Radiation absorbed
dose for cobalt-60 gamma source in phantoms for different materials. The Journal of the Pakistan Medical
Association, 68(2), 264–267.
Anderson, J. D., Wong, C., & McClure, J. W. (1962). Isobaric
States in Nonmirror Nuclei. Physical Review, 126(4),
2170–2173. https://doi.org/10.1103/physrev.126.2170
Bender, M., Rutz, K., Reinhard, P.-G., Maruhn, J. A., &
Greiner, W. (1999). Shell structure of superheavy nuclei
in self-consistent mean-field models. Physical Review C,
60(3), 1–22. https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevc.60.034304
Bjørnholm, S., & Lynn, J. E. (1980). The double-humped
fission barrier. Reviews of Modern Physics, 52(2), 725–
931. https://doi.org/10.1103/revmodphys.52.725
Cameron, I. R. (2012). Nuclear fission reactors. Springer
Science & Business Media.
Cherop, K. H. (2020). The significance of the modified
Coulomb energy model in the binding energy equation. Scientific Israel-Technological Advantages, 22(2),
3–14.
Cherop, H. K., Muguro, K. M., & Khanna, K. M. (2019).
The Role of the Modified Coulomb Energy in the
Binding Energy Equation for Finite Nuclei. Scientific
Israel-Technological Advantages, 21(5–6), 82–89.
Dai, H., Wang, R., Huang, Y., & Chen, X. (2017). A
novel nuclear dependence of nucleon–nucleon shortrange correlations. Physics Letters B, 769, 446–450.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physletb.2017.04.015
Epiotis, N. D., & Henze, D. K. (2003). Periodic Table
(Chemistry).
Feshbach, H., & Kerman, A. (1967). Isobar Analogue
States. Comments Nucl. Part. Phys., 1, 69–74.
Fricke, B., Greiner, W., & Waber, J. T. (1971). The continuation of the periodic table up to Z = 172. The chemistry
of superheavy elements. Theoretica Chimica Acta, 21(3),
235–260. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf01172015
Friedman, J. I. (1991). Deep inelastic scattering: Comparisons with the quark model. Reviews of Modern Physics,
63(3), 615–627. https://doi.org/10.1103/revmodphys.
63.615
Gell-Mann, M., & Fritzsch, H. (2010). Murray Gell-Mann:
Selected Papers (Vol. 40). World Scientific.
Greiner, W. & Maruhn, J. A. (1996). “Nuclear models,”
Berlin: Springer-Verlag, p.77.
Guo, F. (2018). 3-D treatment planning system—Leksell
Gamma Knife treatment planning system. Medical
Dosimetry, 43(2), 177–183. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.
meddos.2018.03.001
Heyde, K. (2004). Basic ideas and concepts in nuclear
physics: an introductory approach. CRC Press.
Indelicato, P., Bieroñ, J., & Jönsson, P. (2011). Are
MCDF calculations 101% correct in the super-heavy elements range? Theoretical Chemistry Accounts, 129(3–5),
495–505. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00214-010-0887-3
Jevremovic, T. (2005). Nuclear Reactor Control: Methods
of reactor control, Fission product poisoning and Reactivity coefficients. Nuclear Principles in Engineering,
397–424.
Kauffman, G. B. (1983). Alias J. J. Connington: the life
and work of Alfred W. Stewart (1880-1947) chemist
and novelist. Journal of Chemical Education, 60(1), 38.
https://doi.org/10.1021/ed060p38
Knauer, J., & Martin, R. (2012). Chemical Technology Division Oak Ridge National Laboratory. Californium-252
Isotope for 21st Century Radiotherapy, 29, p. 10.
Kohman, T. P., & Robison, M. S. (1980). Iron-60 as a possible heat source and chronometer in the early Solar
System. Lunar and Planetary Science Conference (Vol.
11, pp. 564–566).
Kosior, A., Staszczak, A., & Wong, C.-Y. (2017). Toroidal
Nuclear Matter Distributions of Superheavy Nuclei
from Constrained Skyrme–HFB Calculations. Acta Physica Polonica B Proceedings Supplement, 10(1), 249.
https://doi.org/10.5506/aphyspolbsupp.10.249
Masefield, J., Morrissey, B., Chitra, J., Bennett, N., Mathias,
L., & Brinston, R. (2008). Cobalt-60 Use and Disposal:An
Established Pathway. International Meeting on Radiation
Processing.
McArthur, D. N. (1947). Prof. A. W. Stewart. Nature,
160(4056), 116. https://doi.org/10.1038/160116a0
Oganessian, Y. (2012). Nuclei in the “Island of Stability”
of Superheavy Elements. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 337, 012005. https://doi.org/10.1088/17426596/337/1/012005
Pyykkö, P. (2011). A suggested periodic table up to Z
≤ 172, based on Dirac–Fock calculations on atoms
and ions. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 13(1), 161–168.
https://doi.org/10.1039/c0cp01575j
Rowe, D. J., & Wood, J. L. (2010). Fundamentals of nuclear
models: foundational models. World Scientific Publishing
Company.
¸
Sahin, S., & Ligou, J. (1980). The Effect of the Spontaneous Fission of Plutonium-240 on the Energy Release in
a Nuclear Explosive. Nuclear Technology, 50(1), 88–94.
https://doi.org/10.13182/nt80-a17072
Stacey, W. M. (2018). Nuclear reactor physics. John Wiley
& Sons.
Takeuchi, S., Shimoura, S., Motobayashi, T., Akiyoshi, H.,
Ando, Y., Aoi, N., Fü, Z., Gomi, T., Higurashi, Y.,
Hirai, M., Iwasa, N., Iwasaki, H., Iwata, Y., Kobayashi,
200