48
Subtle Agroecologies
of farming techniques and technologies has been utterly rejected unless deeply imbedded in existing knowledge. Hence, if history has taught us anything at all, it is perhaps that the art of syncretism
has sustained, whomever marshals it, to mobilise and drive change. So it continues, in Zimbabwe
and beyond, that we are left swimming against a powerful tide. And just perhaps, out of these crises,
we may all emerge from the depths of that pool more enlightened.
REFERENCES
Alexander, J. (2014) Things fall apart, the centre can hold: Processes of post-war political change in Zimbabwe’s
rural areas. Occasional Paper, 8: 131–162. Oxford: University of Oxford.
Bernard, P.S. (2003) Ecological implications of water spirit beliefs in Southern Africa: The need to protect
knowledge, nature, and resource rights. USDA Forest Service Proceedings RMS, 27: 148–153.
Chatiza, K. (2019) Cyclone Idai in Zimbabwe: An analysis of policy implications for post-disaster institutional
development to strengthen disaster risk management. Oxfam Briefng Paper, November 2019. Oxford:
Oxfam GB.
Drinkwater, M. (1991) The State and Agrarian Change in Zimbabwe’s Communal Areas. New York: Springer.
FAO (2017) Fall army worm outbreak, a blow to prospects of recovery for Southern Africa. FAO Regional
Offce for Africa. Briefng, February 2017. http://www.fao.org/africa/news/detail-news/en/c/469532/
(accessed November 30th, 2019).
Kriger, N.J. (1988) The Zimbabwean war of liberation: Struggles within the struggle. Journal of Southern
African Studies, 14(2): 304–322.
Manatsa, D. (2020) Drought looms over Zimbabwe. The Herald. https://www.herald.co.zw/drought-loomsover-southern-africa/ (accessed January 4th, 2020).
Mawere, A. and Wilson, K. (1995) Socio-religious movements, the state and community change: Some refections on the Ambuya Juliana cult of southern Zimbabwe. Journal of Religion in Africa/Religion en
Afrique, 25: 252.
Maxwell, D. (1995) The Church and Democratisation in Africa: The case of Zimbabwe. In: Gifford, P. (ed.),
The Christian Churches and the Democratisation of Africa. Leiden: EJ Brill, pp. 108–129.
McAllister, G. (2018) Cultivating social-ecological relationships at the margins: Agroecology as a tool for
everyday peace formation in fragile environments. Unpublished PhD thesis. Coventry: CAWR, Coventry
University.
Moore, D. (1996) Marxism, culture, and political ecology: Environmental struggles in Zimbabwe’s Eastern
Highlands. In: Peet, R. and Watts, M. (eds.), Liberation Ecologies: Environment, Development, Social
Movements. London: Routledge, pp. 125−147.
Mukamuri, B.B. (1995a) Local environmental conservation strategies: Karanga religion, politics and environmental control. Environment and History, 1(3): 297–311.
Mukamuri, B.B. (1995b) Making sense of social forestry. PhD thesis, Tampere: University of Tampere.
Murisa, T. and Chikweche, T. (2015) Beyond the Crisis: Zimbabwe’s Prospects for Transformation. Harare:
Weaver Press.
Potts, D. (2006) ‘Restoring order’? Operation Murambatsvina and the urban crisis in Zimbabwe. Journal of
Southern African Studies, 32(2): 273–291.
Ranger, T.O. (1997) Making Zimbabwean landscapes: Painters, projectors and priests. Paideuma: Mitteilungen
zur Kulturkunde, Bd 43: 59–73. Frankfurt: Frobenius Institute.
Ranger, T.O. (1999) Voices from the Rocks: Nature, Culture and History in the Matopos Hills of Zimbabwe.
Oxford: James Currey.
Richards, P. (1989). Agriculture as a Performance. In: Chambers, R., A. Pacey, A. and Thrupp, L. (eds), Farmer
First: Farmer Innovation and Agricultural Research. London: Intermediate Technology, pp. 39–43.
Tarusarira, J. (2017) African religion, climate change, and knowledge systems. The Ecumenical Review, 69(3):
398–410.
Wilson, K.B. (1995) ‘Water used to be scattered in the landscape’: Local understandings of soil erosion and
land use planning in southern Zimbabwe. Environment and History, 1(3): 281–296.
Subtle Agroecologies
of farming techniques and technologies has been utterly rejected unless deeply imbedded in existing knowledge. Hence, if history has taught us anything at all, it is perhaps that the art of syncretism
has sustained, whomever marshals it, to mobilise and drive change. So it continues, in Zimbabwe
and beyond, that we are left swimming against a powerful tide. And just perhaps, out of these crises,
we may all emerge from the depths of that pool more enlightened.
REFERENCES
Alexander, J. (2014) Things fall apart, the centre can hold: Processes of post-war political change in Zimbabwe’s
rural areas. Occasional Paper, 8: 131–162. Oxford: University of Oxford.
Bernard, P.S. (2003) Ecological implications of water spirit beliefs in Southern Africa: The need to protect
knowledge, nature, and resource rights. USDA Forest Service Proceedings RMS, 27: 148–153.
Chatiza, K. (2019) Cyclone Idai in Zimbabwe: An analysis of policy implications for post-disaster institutional
development to strengthen disaster risk management. Oxfam Briefng Paper, November 2019. Oxford:
Oxfam GB.
Drinkwater, M. (1991) The State and Agrarian Change in Zimbabwe’s Communal Areas. New York: Springer.
FAO (2017) Fall army worm outbreak, a blow to prospects of recovery for Southern Africa. FAO Regional
Offce for Africa. Briefng, February 2017. http://www.fao.org/africa/news/detail-news/en/c/469532/
(accessed November 30th, 2019).
Kriger, N.J. (1988) The Zimbabwean war of liberation: Struggles within the struggle. Journal of Southern
African Studies, 14(2): 304–322.
Manatsa, D. (2020) Drought looms over Zimbabwe. The Herald. https://www.herald.co.zw/drought-loomsover-southern-africa/ (accessed January 4th, 2020).
Mawere, A. and Wilson, K. (1995) Socio-religious movements, the state and community change: Some refections on the Ambuya Juliana cult of southern Zimbabwe. Journal of Religion in Africa/Religion en
Afrique, 25: 252.
Maxwell, D. (1995) The Church and Democratisation in Africa: The case of Zimbabwe. In: Gifford, P. (ed.),
The Christian Churches and the Democratisation of Africa. Leiden: EJ Brill, pp. 108–129.
McAllister, G. (2018) Cultivating social-ecological relationships at the margins: Agroecology as a tool for
everyday peace formation in fragile environments. Unpublished PhD thesis. Coventry: CAWR, Coventry
University.
Moore, D. (1996) Marxism, culture, and political ecology: Environmental struggles in Zimbabwe’s Eastern
Highlands. In: Peet, R. and Watts, M. (eds.), Liberation Ecologies: Environment, Development, Social
Movements. London: Routledge, pp. 125−147.
Mukamuri, B.B. (1995a) Local environmental conservation strategies: Karanga religion, politics and environmental control. Environment and History, 1(3): 297–311.
Mukamuri, B.B. (1995b) Making sense of social forestry. PhD thesis, Tampere: University of Tampere.
Murisa, T. and Chikweche, T. (2015) Beyond the Crisis: Zimbabwe’s Prospects for Transformation. Harare:
Weaver Press.
Potts, D. (2006) ‘Restoring order’? Operation Murambatsvina and the urban crisis in Zimbabwe. Journal of
Southern African Studies, 32(2): 273–291.
Ranger, T.O. (1997) Making Zimbabwean landscapes: Painters, projectors and priests. Paideuma: Mitteilungen
zur Kulturkunde, Bd 43: 59–73. Frankfurt: Frobenius Institute.
Ranger, T.O. (1999) Voices from the Rocks: Nature, Culture and History in the Matopos Hills of Zimbabwe.
Oxford: James Currey.
Richards, P. (1989). Agriculture as a Performance. In: Chambers, R., A. Pacey, A. and Thrupp, L. (eds), Farmer
First: Farmer Innovation and Agricultural Research. London: Intermediate Technology, pp. 39–43.
Tarusarira, J. (2017) African religion, climate change, and knowledge systems. The Ecumenical Review, 69(3):
398–410.
Wilson, K.B. (1995) ‘Water used to be scattered in the landscape’: Local understandings of soil erosion and
land use planning in southern Zimbabwe. Environment and History, 1(3): 281–296.