142
Subtle Agroecologies
(electromagnetic) ones. My own search only started when I wanted to measure plant resilience
against stresses, something you cannot see on the outside of a plant. Further, in terms of infuencing plants and their microbiomes, the results of experimental electromagnetic interventions are not
always as obvious and consistent as chemical and biological interventions, which are also more
trusted because they ft with current practices.
At the company where I work 10 , we encounter this in terms of growers’ and advisors’ acceptance
of new bioprotection systems: new systems based on benefcial arthropods are more easily accepted
than those based on benefcial microbes. Visibility plays a role here: what you see and can manage
helps learning and builds trust quicker than something invisible, what you believe or hope to happen.
I hope that this chapter contributes to an improved understanding of plant growth beyond the
plant physiological principles that are commonly known and accepted and encourages further
research and experimentation in this feld.
REFERENCES
Akay, A. and Kara, Z. (2006) P-value and some other quality characters of tomato cultivars grown in greenhouse. Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences, 9: 1991–1994.
Benada, J. (2017) Measurement of redox potential and pH in plants and their function in the mechanism of
plant resistance and in plant physiology. International Journal of Advanced Research in Electrical,
Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering, 6(1): 1–9.
Blackman, V.H., Legg, A.T. and Gregory, F.G. (1923) The effect of a direct electric current of very low intensity on the rate of growth of the coleoptile of barley. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series
B, Containing Papers of a Biological Character, 95(667): 214–228. https://royalsocietypublishing.
org/doi/pdf/10.1098/rspb.1923.0034.
Chloupek, O. (1972) The relationship between electric capacitance and some other parameters of plant roots.
Biologia Plantarum, 14(3): 227–230.
Clark, D., Whitney, H., Sutton, G. and Robert, D. (2013) Detection and learning of foral electric felds by
bumblebees. Science, 340(6128): 66–69.
Cseresnyés, I., Rajkai1, K. and Vozáry, E. (2013) Role of phase angle measurement in electrical impedance
spectroscopy. International Agrophysics, 27: 377–383.
Dietrich, R.C. (2013) A novel hypothesis for plant capacitance. Doctoral Thesis, Plant Science Division,
College of Life Science, University of Dundee at The James Hutton Institute. https://discovery.dundee.
ac.uk/ws/portalfles/portal/1857194/Dietrich_phd_2013.pdf.
Dietrich, R.C., Bengough, A.G., Jones, H.G. and White, P.J. (2013) Can root electrical capacitance be used to
predict root mass in soil? Annals of Botany, 112(2): 457–464.
Gasner, W.G. (2013) The theories and effects of imposing natural electrical felds and currents on potted
plants. Poster. Department of Business, Entrepreneurship and Organizations, Brown University, USA.
https://browntia.fles.wordpress.com/2013/10/theories-in-action-poster-william-gasner.pdf.
Hoffmann, M. (1991) Elektrochemische merkmale zur differenzierung von lebensmitteln. In: Meier Ploeger,
A. and Vogtmann, H. (eds), Lebensmittelqualitat-Ganzheitliche Methoden und Konzepte-Alternative
Konzepte Nr.66. Germany: Deukalion Verlag, pp. S67–S86.
Hoffmann, M., Staller, B. and Wolf, G. (2007) Lebensmittelqualität und Gesundheit – Bio-testmethoden und
Produkte auf dem Prüfstand. Schwerin: Baerens and Fuss, 164 p.
Kertz, M.G. (1995) Electronic stimulation of plants, patent no. USOO.546445.6A. US States Patent. https://
patentimages.storage.googleapis.com/87/2b/fc/941fa7fc4824bd/US5464456.pdf.
Kollath, W. (1978) Regulatoren des Lebens - Vom Wesen der Redox-Systeme, 2. Heidelberg: Aufage.
Northolt, M., van der Burgt, G.-J., Buisman, T. and Vanden Bogaerdeet, A. (2004) Parameters for Carrot
Quality and the Development of the Inner Quality Concept. Driebergen: Louis Bolk Institute, 90 p.
https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/10921505.pdf.
Olyslaegers, S. (2012) Het effect van elektrische stimulatie op de groei van jonge tomaatplanten bij verschillende nutriëntenconcentraties van de voedingsoplossing. (Effect of electrical stimulation on growth of
young tomato seedlings at different nutrient concentrations). MSc. Thesis. Ghent: University of Ghent.
https://lib.ugent.be/fulltxt/RUG01/001/894/489/RUG01-001894489_2012_0001_AC.pdf.
10 Koppert Biological Systems
Subtle Agroecologies
(electromagnetic) ones. My own search only started when I wanted to measure plant resilience
against stresses, something you cannot see on the outside of a plant. Further, in terms of infuencing plants and their microbiomes, the results of experimental electromagnetic interventions are not
always as obvious and consistent as chemical and biological interventions, which are also more
trusted because they ft with current practices.
At the company where I work 10 , we encounter this in terms of growers’ and advisors’ acceptance
of new bioprotection systems: new systems based on benefcial arthropods are more easily accepted
than those based on benefcial microbes. Visibility plays a role here: what you see and can manage
helps learning and builds trust quicker than something invisible, what you believe or hope to happen.
I hope that this chapter contributes to an improved understanding of plant growth beyond the
plant physiological principles that are commonly known and accepted and encourages further
research and experimentation in this feld.
REFERENCES
Akay, A. and Kara, Z. (2006) P-value and some other quality characters of tomato cultivars grown in greenhouse. Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences, 9: 1991–1994.
Benada, J. (2017) Measurement of redox potential and pH in plants and their function in the mechanism of
plant resistance and in plant physiology. International Journal of Advanced Research in Electrical,
Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering, 6(1): 1–9.
Blackman, V.H., Legg, A.T. and Gregory, F.G. (1923) The effect of a direct electric current of very low intensity on the rate of growth of the coleoptile of barley. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series
B, Containing Papers of a Biological Character, 95(667): 214–228. https://royalsocietypublishing.
org/doi/pdf/10.1098/rspb.1923.0034.
Chloupek, O. (1972) The relationship between electric capacitance and some other parameters of plant roots.
Biologia Plantarum, 14(3): 227–230.
Clark, D., Whitney, H., Sutton, G. and Robert, D. (2013) Detection and learning of foral electric felds by
bumblebees. Science, 340(6128): 66–69.
Cseresnyés, I., Rajkai1, K. and Vozáry, E. (2013) Role of phase angle measurement in electrical impedance
spectroscopy. International Agrophysics, 27: 377–383.
Dietrich, R.C. (2013) A novel hypothesis for plant capacitance. Doctoral Thesis, Plant Science Division,
College of Life Science, University of Dundee at The James Hutton Institute. https://discovery.dundee.
ac.uk/ws/portalfles/portal/1857194/Dietrich_phd_2013.pdf.
Dietrich, R.C., Bengough, A.G., Jones, H.G. and White, P.J. (2013) Can root electrical capacitance be used to
predict root mass in soil? Annals of Botany, 112(2): 457–464.
Gasner, W.G. (2013) The theories and effects of imposing natural electrical felds and currents on potted
plants. Poster. Department of Business, Entrepreneurship and Organizations, Brown University, USA.
https://browntia.fles.wordpress.com/2013/10/theories-in-action-poster-william-gasner.pdf.
Hoffmann, M. (1991) Elektrochemische merkmale zur differenzierung von lebensmitteln. In: Meier Ploeger,
A. and Vogtmann, H. (eds), Lebensmittelqualitat-Ganzheitliche Methoden und Konzepte-Alternative
Konzepte Nr.66. Germany: Deukalion Verlag, pp. S67–S86.
Hoffmann, M., Staller, B. and Wolf, G. (2007) Lebensmittelqualität und Gesundheit – Bio-testmethoden und
Produkte auf dem Prüfstand. Schwerin: Baerens and Fuss, 164 p.
Kertz, M.G. (1995) Electronic stimulation of plants, patent no. USOO.546445.6A. US States Patent. https://
patentimages.storage.googleapis.com/87/2b/fc/941fa7fc4824bd/US5464456.pdf.
Kollath, W. (1978) Regulatoren des Lebens - Vom Wesen der Redox-Systeme, 2. Heidelberg: Aufage.
Northolt, M., van der Burgt, G.-J., Buisman, T. and Vanden Bogaerdeet, A. (2004) Parameters for Carrot
Quality and the Development of the Inner Quality Concept. Driebergen: Louis Bolk Institute, 90 p.
https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/10921505.pdf.
Olyslaegers, S. (2012) Het effect van elektrische stimulatie op de groei van jonge tomaatplanten bij verschillende nutriëntenconcentraties van de voedingsoplossing. (Effect of electrical stimulation on growth of
young tomato seedlings at different nutrient concentrations). MSc. Thesis. Ghent: University of Ghent.
https://lib.ugent.be/fulltxt/RUG01/001/894/489/RUG01-001894489_2012_0001_AC.pdf.
10 Koppert Biological Systems