3 Microbial Endophytes: Sustainable Approach …
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maltophilia strain CR71, which produced antifungal volatile compound dimethyl
disulfide, promoted the shoot and root length, chlorophyll content, and total fresh
weight of tomato plants (Lycopersicon esculentum cv Saladette) and their coinoculation further improved the plant growth-promoting effect (Rojas-Solis et al.
2018).
Schmidt et al. (2018) reported that several endophytes including pseudomonads,
Variovorax paradoxus, Verticillium leptobactrum, Halenospora sp., and Exophiala
sp. enhanced growth of Miscanthus giganteus in gamma-sterilized soil in pot experiments. Moreover, co-inoculation of bacteria or fungi originating from Miscanthus
promoted the growth of their host, especially on the heavy metals-polluted site. Similarly, inoculation of endophytic bacterium B. megaterium NMp082 isolated from root
nodules of Medicago polymorpha promoted plant growth of Medicago lupulina,
Medicago truncatula, and Medicago sativa. The co-inoculation of B. megaterium
NMp082 with E. medicae further enhanced the growth and nodulation of Medicago
spp. plants compared with inoculation with either bacterium alone (Chinnaswamy
et al. 2018). Intrestingly, B. megaterium NMp082 also induced tolerance to salt stress
in alfalfa and Arabidopsis plants due to salt stress alleviation effects.
Pirhadi et al. (2018) reported that inoculation of bacterial endophyte Pseudomonas
sp. SugS_49 isolated from sugarcane grown in saline soils showed more phosphorus
dissolution ability and its inoculation increased the growth, grain yield, and phosphorus uptake of wheat. During the same year, Ribeiro and his colleagues reported
that inoculation of Fe-P solubilizing endophytic Bacillus strains, produced high levels
of IAA in the presence of tryptophan, enhanced the shoot and root dry weight, and
the NPK content in plants cultivated in soil with no P fertilization (Ribeiro et al.
2018). Specifically, Bacillus strain B1923 enhanced shoot and root dry weight and
root NP content of plants cultivated with no P added and Bacillus strains B2084 and
B2088 showed positive performance on biomass production and accumulation of
NPK in the shoot. Similarly, Kshetri et al. (2018) also reported that treatment with
PSB obtained from the rhizosphere of Allium hookeri, resulted in enhanced growth
of A. hookeri Thwaites. K. quasipneumoniae strain S6C2 increased root length and
weight in TCP amended soil and increased available P in soil.
Heydari et al. (2019) reported that under P deficiency, the dry root weight of barley
significantly decreased the total root length with a decrease of root diameter under
pot experiments. The results suggested that the root structure and root extension are
directly and indirectly affected by soil fertility and especially P nutrient of the soil,
which further determines plant growth and crop production. Sun et al. (2019) explored
the beneficial effects of IAA-producing endophytic Pseudomonas poae strain S61
on medicinal plant Astragalus mongholicus. The combination trial also increased
calycosin-7-O-glucoside and ononin accumulations in the roots, suggesting that the
strain executed beneficial effects on A. mongholicus only when it grew under drought
stress.
57
maltophilia strain CR71, which produced antifungal volatile compound dimethyl
disulfide, promoted the shoot and root length, chlorophyll content, and total fresh
weight of tomato plants (Lycopersicon esculentum cv Saladette) and their coinoculation further improved the plant growth-promoting effect (Rojas-Solis et al.
2018).
Schmidt et al. (2018) reported that several endophytes including pseudomonads,
Variovorax paradoxus, Verticillium leptobactrum, Halenospora sp., and Exophiala
sp. enhanced growth of Miscanthus giganteus in gamma-sterilized soil in pot experiments. Moreover, co-inoculation of bacteria or fungi originating from Miscanthus
promoted the growth of their host, especially on the heavy metals-polluted site. Similarly, inoculation of endophytic bacterium B. megaterium NMp082 isolated from root
nodules of Medicago polymorpha promoted plant growth of Medicago lupulina,
Medicago truncatula, and Medicago sativa. The co-inoculation of B. megaterium
NMp082 with E. medicae further enhanced the growth and nodulation of Medicago
spp. plants compared with inoculation with either bacterium alone (Chinnaswamy
et al. 2018). Intrestingly, B. megaterium NMp082 also induced tolerance to salt stress
in alfalfa and Arabidopsis plants due to salt stress alleviation effects.
Pirhadi et al. (2018) reported that inoculation of bacterial endophyte Pseudomonas
sp. SugS_49 isolated from sugarcane grown in saline soils showed more phosphorus
dissolution ability and its inoculation increased the growth, grain yield, and phosphorus uptake of wheat. During the same year, Ribeiro and his colleagues reported
that inoculation of Fe-P solubilizing endophytic Bacillus strains, produced high levels
of IAA in the presence of tryptophan, enhanced the shoot and root dry weight, and
the NPK content in plants cultivated in soil with no P fertilization (Ribeiro et al.
2018). Specifically, Bacillus strain B1923 enhanced shoot and root dry weight and
root NP content of plants cultivated with no P added and Bacillus strains B2084 and
B2088 showed positive performance on biomass production and accumulation of
NPK in the shoot. Similarly, Kshetri et al. (2018) also reported that treatment with
PSB obtained from the rhizosphere of Allium hookeri, resulted in enhanced growth
of A. hookeri Thwaites. K. quasipneumoniae strain S6C2 increased root length and
weight in TCP amended soil and increased available P in soil.
Heydari et al. (2019) reported that under P deficiency, the dry root weight of barley
significantly decreased the total root length with a decrease of root diameter under
pot experiments. The results suggested that the root structure and root extension are
directly and indirectly affected by soil fertility and especially P nutrient of the soil,
which further determines plant growth and crop production. Sun et al. (2019) explored
the beneficial effects of IAA-producing endophytic Pseudomonas poae strain S61
on medicinal plant Astragalus mongholicus. The combination trial also increased
calycosin-7-O-glucoside and ononin accumulations in the roots, suggesting that the
strain executed beneficial effects on A. mongholicus only when it grew under drought
stress.