17. Bo ¨ttger EC (1994) Resistance to drugs targeting protein synthesis in mycobacteria. Trends
Microbiol 2(10):416–421. https://doi.org/
10.1016/0966-842X(94)90622-X
18. Parish T, Stoker NG (2000) Use of flexible
cassette method to generate a double
unmarked Mycobacterium tuberculosis tlyA
plcABC mutant by gene replacement. Microbiology 146:1969–1975
19. Snapper SB, Melton RE, Mustafa S et al (1990)
Isolation and characterization of efficient plasmid transformation mutants of Mycobacterium
smegmatis. Mol Microbiol 4:1911–1919.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2958.1990.
tb02040.x
20. Aldovini A, Husson RN, Young RA (1993)
The uraA locus and homologous recombination in Mycobacterium bovis BCG. J Bacteriol
175:7282–7289. https://doi.org/10.1128/
jb.175.22.7282-7289.1993
21. Husson RN, James BE, Young RA (1990)
Gene replacement and expression of foreign
DNA
in
mycobacteria.
J
Bacteriol
172:519–524. https://doi.org/10.1128/jb.
172.2.519-524.1990
22. Hermans J, Boschloo JG, de Bont JAM (1990)
Transformation of Mycobacterium aurum by
electroporation: the use of glycine, lysozyme
and isonicotinic acid hydrazide in enhancing
transformation efficiency. FEMS Microbiol
Lett 72:221–224. https://doi.org/10.1016/
0378-1097(90)90375-Z
23. Hammes W, Schleifer KH, Kandler O (1973)
Mode of action of glycine on the biosynthesis
of peptidoglycan. J Bacteriol 116:1029–1053
24. David M, Lubinsky-Mink S, Ben-Zvi A et al
(1992) A stable Escherichia coli-Mycobacterium smegmatis plasmid shuttle vector containing the mycobacteriophage D29 origin.
Plasmid 28(3):267–271. https://doi.org/10.
1016/0147-619X(92)90059-J
25. Houssaini-Iraqui M, Lazraq R, Clavel-Se ´re `s S
et al (1992) Cloning and expression of Mycobacterium aurum carotenogenesis genes in
Mycobacterium smegmatis. FEMS Microbiol
Lett 69(3):239–244. https://doi.org/10.
1016/0378-1097(92)90653-6
26. Matsuo K, Yamaguchi R, Yamazaki A et al
(1990) Establishment of a foreign antigen
secretion system in mycobacteria. Infect
Immun 58:4049–4054
27. Foley-Thomas EM, Whipple DL, Bermudez
LE, Barletta RG (1995) Phage infection, transfection and transformation of Mycobacterium
avium complex and Mycobacterium paratuberculosis.
Microbiology
141:1173–1181.
https://doi.org/10.1099/13500872-141-51173
28. Marklund BI, Speert DP, Stokes RW (1995)
Gene replacement through homologous
recombination in Mycobacterium intracellulare. J Bacteriol 177:6100–6105. https://doi.
org/10.1128/jb.177.21.6100-6105.1995
29. Parish T, Gordhan BG, McAdam RA et al
(1999) Production of mutants in amino acid
biosynthesis genes of Mycobacterium tuberculosis by homologous recombination. Microbiology 145:3497–3503
284
Tanya Parish
Microbiol 2(10):416–421. https://doi.org/
10.1016/0966-842X(94)90622-X
18. Parish T, Stoker NG (2000) Use of flexible
cassette method to generate a double
unmarked Mycobacterium tuberculosis tlyA
plcABC mutant by gene replacement. Microbiology 146:1969–1975
19. Snapper SB, Melton RE, Mustafa S et al (1990)
Isolation and characterization of efficient plasmid transformation mutants of Mycobacterium
smegmatis. Mol Microbiol 4:1911–1919.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2958.1990.
tb02040.x
20. Aldovini A, Husson RN, Young RA (1993)
The uraA locus and homologous recombination in Mycobacterium bovis BCG. J Bacteriol
175:7282–7289. https://doi.org/10.1128/
jb.175.22.7282-7289.1993
21. Husson RN, James BE, Young RA (1990)
Gene replacement and expression of foreign
DNA
in
mycobacteria.
J
Bacteriol
172:519–524. https://doi.org/10.1128/jb.
172.2.519-524.1990
22. Hermans J, Boschloo JG, de Bont JAM (1990)
Transformation of Mycobacterium aurum by
electroporation: the use of glycine, lysozyme
and isonicotinic acid hydrazide in enhancing
transformation efficiency. FEMS Microbiol
Lett 72:221–224. https://doi.org/10.1016/
0378-1097(90)90375-Z
23. Hammes W, Schleifer KH, Kandler O (1973)
Mode of action of glycine on the biosynthesis
of peptidoglycan. J Bacteriol 116:1029–1053
24. David M, Lubinsky-Mink S, Ben-Zvi A et al
(1992) A stable Escherichia coli-Mycobacterium smegmatis plasmid shuttle vector containing the mycobacteriophage D29 origin.
Plasmid 28(3):267–271. https://doi.org/10.
1016/0147-619X(92)90059-J
25. Houssaini-Iraqui M, Lazraq R, Clavel-Se ´re `s S
et al (1992) Cloning and expression of Mycobacterium aurum carotenogenesis genes in
Mycobacterium smegmatis. FEMS Microbiol
Lett 69(3):239–244. https://doi.org/10.
1016/0378-1097(92)90653-6
26. Matsuo K, Yamaguchi R, Yamazaki A et al
(1990) Establishment of a foreign antigen
secretion system in mycobacteria. Infect
Immun 58:4049–4054
27. Foley-Thomas EM, Whipple DL, Bermudez
LE, Barletta RG (1995) Phage infection, transfection and transformation of Mycobacterium
avium complex and Mycobacterium paratuberculosis.
Microbiology
141:1173–1181.
https://doi.org/10.1099/13500872-141-51173
28. Marklund BI, Speert DP, Stokes RW (1995)
Gene replacement through homologous
recombination in Mycobacterium intracellulare. J Bacteriol 177:6100–6105. https://doi.
org/10.1128/jb.177.21.6100-6105.1995
29. Parish T, Gordhan BG, McAdam RA et al
(1999) Production of mutants in amino acid
biosynthesis genes of Mycobacterium tuberculosis by homologous recombination. Microbiology 145:3497–3503
284
Tanya Parish