154
Phytotechnology with Biomass Production
and root hair feeders with increasing age of planting was associated with the
reductions in the number of all other trophic groups of parasitic nematodes.
Therefore, the increase in hyphal and root hair feeders was the most important marker of the planting age of the M. × giganteus (Stefanovska et al., 2020).
This result was in a good agreement with findings of de Goede et al. (1993)
which showed an increase in the number of hyphal and root hair feeders in
the successional series of crop development.
The research studies carried out for 20 years indicate that intensive involvement of M. × giganteus into biomass systems in conventional agriculture and
phytotechnologies stimulates several problems, specifically, worsening the
pest problem at other hosts from the same plant family and direct damage
of Miscanthus that negatively impacts crop yield. However, considering
the perennial nature of M. × giganteus, its long cultivation may support the
increase of biocontrol agents, capable to regulate pest population and keep
it under damaging level. It is still not clear to what extent these groups of
organisms contribute to yield reduction, and consequently needs for pest
management systems that should have been addressed are rather uncertain.
References
Ben Fradj, N., Rozakis, S., Borzęcka, M., & Matyka, M. (2020). Miscanthus in the
European bio-economy: A network analysis. Industrial Crops and Products, 148,
112281. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2020.112281.
Bernard, G. C., Egnin, M., & Bonsi, C. (2017). The impact of plant-parasitic nematodes
on agriculture and methods of control. In: Shah, M. M., & Mahamood, M., eds.
Nematology Concepts, Characteristics and Control. InTech, London. https://doi.
org/10.5772/intechopen.68958.
Blackman, R. L., & Eastop, V. F. (2000). Aphids on the World’s Crop: An Identification
Guide (2nd ed.). John Wiley & Sons Ltd, 476. ISBN: 978-0-471-85191-2.
Bradshaw, J. D., Prasifka, J. R., Steffey, K. L., & Gray, M. E. (2010). First report of field populations of two potential aphid pests of the bioenergy crop Miscanthus × giganteus. The Florida Entomologist, 93(1), 135–137. https://doi.org/10.1653/024.093.0123.
Brambila, J. (2009). Steps for the dissection of male Spodoptera moths (Lepidoptera:
Noctuidae) and notes on distinguishing S. litura and S. littoralis from native
Spodoptera species. USDA-APHIS-PPQ.
Carena, M. J., & Glogoza, P. (2004). Resistance of maize to the corn leaf aphid: a review.
Maydica, 49(4), 241–254. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10681-009-0044-z.
Chiang, H. C. (1973). Bionomics of the Northern and Western corn rootworms.
Annual Review of Entomology, 18(1), 47–72. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.
en.18.010173.000403.
Clark, P. L., Molina-Ochoa, J., Martinelli, S., Skoda, S. R., Isenhour, D. J., Lee, D. J.,
Krumm, J. T., & Foster, J. E. (2007). Population variation of the fall armyworm,
Spodoptera frugiperda, in the Western Hemisphere. Journal of Insect Science, 7(5),
1–10. https://doi.org/10.1673/031.007.0501.
Phytotechnology with Biomass Production
and root hair feeders with increasing age of planting was associated with the
reductions in the number of all other trophic groups of parasitic nematodes.
Therefore, the increase in hyphal and root hair feeders was the most important marker of the planting age of the M. × giganteus (Stefanovska et al., 2020).
This result was in a good agreement with findings of de Goede et al. (1993)
which showed an increase in the number of hyphal and root hair feeders in
the successional series of crop development.
The research studies carried out for 20 years indicate that intensive involvement of M. × giganteus into biomass systems in conventional agriculture and
phytotechnologies stimulates several problems, specifically, worsening the
pest problem at other hosts from the same plant family and direct damage
of Miscanthus that negatively impacts crop yield. However, considering
the perennial nature of M. × giganteus, its long cultivation may support the
increase of biocontrol agents, capable to regulate pest population and keep
it under damaging level. It is still not clear to what extent these groups of
organisms contribute to yield reduction, and consequently needs for pest
management systems that should have been addressed are rather uncertain.
References
Ben Fradj, N., Rozakis, S., Borzęcka, M., & Matyka, M. (2020). Miscanthus in the
European bio-economy: A network analysis. Industrial Crops and Products, 148,
112281. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2020.112281.
Bernard, G. C., Egnin, M., & Bonsi, C. (2017). The impact of plant-parasitic nematodes
on agriculture and methods of control. In: Shah, M. M., & Mahamood, M., eds.
Nematology Concepts, Characteristics and Control. InTech, London. https://doi.
org/10.5772/intechopen.68958.
Blackman, R. L., & Eastop, V. F. (2000). Aphids on the World’s Crop: An Identification
Guide (2nd ed.). John Wiley & Sons Ltd, 476. ISBN: 978-0-471-85191-2.
Bradshaw, J. D., Prasifka, J. R., Steffey, K. L., & Gray, M. E. (2010). First report of field populations of two potential aphid pests of the bioenergy crop Miscanthus × giganteus. The Florida Entomologist, 93(1), 135–137. https://doi.org/10.1653/024.093.0123.
Brambila, J. (2009). Steps for the dissection of male Spodoptera moths (Lepidoptera:
Noctuidae) and notes on distinguishing S. litura and S. littoralis from native
Spodoptera species. USDA-APHIS-PPQ.
Carena, M. J., & Glogoza, P. (2004). Resistance of maize to the corn leaf aphid: a review.
Maydica, 49(4), 241–254. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10681-009-0044-z.
Chiang, H. C. (1973). Bionomics of the Northern and Western corn rootworms.
Annual Review of Entomology, 18(1), 47–72. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.
en.18.010173.000403.
Clark, P. L., Molina-Ochoa, J., Martinelli, S., Skoda, S. R., Isenhour, D. J., Lee, D. J.,
Krumm, J. T., & Foster, J. E. (2007). Population variation of the fall armyworm,
Spodoptera frugiperda, in the Western Hemisphere. Journal of Insect Science, 7(5),
1–10. https://doi.org/10.1673/031.007.0501.