142
Phytotechnology with Biomass Production
8.3.1.1 Identification .................................................................... 147
8.3.1.2 Life Cycle.......................................................................... 147
8.3.1.3 Damage............................................................................. 147
8.3.2 Generalist Lepidoptera.................................................................. 147
8.3.2.1 Identification .................................................................... 148
8.3.2.2 Life Cycle.......................................................................... 148
8.3.2.3 Damage............................................................................. 149
8.3.3 Generalist Coleopteran ................................................................. 149
8.3.3.1 Identification .................................................................... 149
8.3.3.2 Life Cycle.......................................................................... 149
8.3.3.3 Damage............................................................................. 150
8.4 Plant Feeding Nematodes Associate with M. × giganteus.................... 150
8.4.1 PPNs − Potential Vector of Plant Viruses ................................... 151
8.4.2 Ecto-, Endoparasites, and Hyphal/Root Feeders ...................... 151
8.4.3 The Indication of M. × giganteus Plantation State with
Plant-Feeding Nematodes ............................................................ 153
References............................................................................................................. 154
8.1 Introduction
Bioenergy systems aimed at replacing fossil fuels with bio-based resources
contribute significantly to the shift in agricultural and marginal land use
(Warner et al., 2013). The creation and/or conversion of land occupied by
bioenergy systems can result in the loss of areas, currently providing additional ecosystem services (Cook, 1991; Stefanovska et al., 2015; Reid et al.,
2020), including the loss of diversity of flora and fauna (Elshout et al., 2019).
By reducing plant varieties in bioenergy crop plantations, insect and nematode species/functional diversity, community structure will be affected by
modifying the associates’ food webs (Landis & Werling, 2010). Bioenergy
crops and adjacent to them food/feed crops can be affected by this reduction
(Thomson & Hoffmann, 2011). Biofuel crops’ changing may also influence
the temporal and spatial distribution, and efficacy of beneficial organisms
involving in pest control that would reduce or decrease the efficacy of biocontrol (Werling et al., 2011).
Miscanthus spp. produces high yield with low input (Gołąb-Bogacz et al.,
2020) on agricultural as well as marginal, deteriorated, and contaminated
land (Gruss et al., 2019) and determines the great socio-economic potential
(Ben Fradj et al., 2020). M. × giganteus is a habitat for many insects and nematodes, which can hold beneficial and plant-feeding status (Winkler et al.,
2020). This chapter will be focused on plant feeding insects and nematodes
that were reported on Miscanthus plantations in Europe and USA during
Phytotechnology with Biomass Production
8.3.1.1 Identification .................................................................... 147
8.3.1.2 Life Cycle.......................................................................... 147
8.3.1.3 Damage............................................................................. 147
8.3.2 Generalist Lepidoptera.................................................................. 147
8.3.2.1 Identification .................................................................... 148
8.3.2.2 Life Cycle.......................................................................... 148
8.3.2.3 Damage............................................................................. 149
8.3.3 Generalist Coleopteran ................................................................. 149
8.3.3.1 Identification .................................................................... 149
8.3.3.2 Life Cycle.......................................................................... 149
8.3.3.3 Damage............................................................................. 150
8.4 Plant Feeding Nematodes Associate with M. × giganteus.................... 150
8.4.1 PPNs − Potential Vector of Plant Viruses ................................... 151
8.4.2 Ecto-, Endoparasites, and Hyphal/Root Feeders ...................... 151
8.4.3 The Indication of M. × giganteus Plantation State with
Plant-Feeding Nematodes ............................................................ 153
References............................................................................................................. 154
8.1 Introduction
Bioenergy systems aimed at replacing fossil fuels with bio-based resources
contribute significantly to the shift in agricultural and marginal land use
(Warner et al., 2013). The creation and/or conversion of land occupied by
bioenergy systems can result in the loss of areas, currently providing additional ecosystem services (Cook, 1991; Stefanovska et al., 2015; Reid et al.,
2020), including the loss of diversity of flora and fauna (Elshout et al., 2019).
By reducing plant varieties in bioenergy crop plantations, insect and nematode species/functional diversity, community structure will be affected by
modifying the associates’ food webs (Landis & Werling, 2010). Bioenergy
crops and adjacent to them food/feed crops can be affected by this reduction
(Thomson & Hoffmann, 2011). Biofuel crops’ changing may also influence
the temporal and spatial distribution, and efficacy of beneficial organisms
involving in pest control that would reduce or decrease the efficacy of biocontrol (Werling et al., 2011).
Miscanthus spp. produces high yield with low input (Gołąb-Bogacz et al.,
2020) on agricultural as well as marginal, deteriorated, and contaminated
land (Gruss et al., 2019) and determines the great socio-economic potential
(Ben Fradj et al., 2020). M. × giganteus is a habitat for many insects and nematodes, which can hold beneficial and plant-feeding status (Winkler et al.,
2020). This chapter will be focused on plant feeding insects and nematodes
that were reported on Miscanthus plantations in Europe and USA during