97
Miscanthus Production
species: Alpinia calcarata, a large monocot in the ginger family; Ocimum sanctum,
a perennial dicot type of basil; and Cymbopogon citratus, a true grass commonly
called lemon grass, grown without or with nZVIs in pots (Pillai & Kottekottil,
2016). These three species had been selected from 11 species grown at a level
of 1 mg kg −1 endosulfan. The endosulfan concentration in soil for testing nZVI
effects contained 1140 μg kg −1 , while the optimized level of nZVI was 1 g kg −1 .
Ten mL kg −1 of Tween 80 was used to disperse the nZVI; there were three replicates of six treatments. A. calcarata showed better phytoremediation potential
in comparison to C. citratus and O. sanctum in both treatments: on the 7th day
it removed 52% of endosulfan from pots without and 82% for pots with nZVIs;
while on the 28th (last) day, endosulfan removal was 81% without and 100%
with nZVIs at a level of 1 g kg −1 . In the case of O. sanctum, addition of nZVIs to
the system led to endosulfan removal increasing 3.7-fold over the plant alone
(72% vs 21%) on day 28. With C. citratus, the main nZVI enhancement of endosulfan removal was observed after seven days (63% vs 5%). By day 14 the difference was 81% vs 60% and on day 28 with nZVIs removal was 86% and without
nZVIs it was 65% (Pillai & Kottekottil, 2016). The patterns of rate difference are
very nonlinear indicative of a perhaps second-order rate. Thus, the combined
technology of nano- and phytoremediation is one of the promising areas for
the remediation of organochlorine pesticides.
5.5.2 Impact of Soil Amendments on Miscanthus
Production in Postmilitary Soil
The impact of soil amendments on Miscanthus biomass parameters was
evaluated under field conditions with the crop cultivated in postmilitary soil,
slightly contaminated by trace elements in Dolyna, Western Ukraine. Three different soil amendments were tested: lime GOST 14050-93; mineral fertilizer
“Smolokot” (the nutrient content is N:P:K = 8:8:12, +7% MgO + microelements); organic fertilizer “Agrolife” (N:P:K = 10:10:10 with chicken compost);
and their mixture. Different fertilizers were mixed with the soil in a dose of
40 g per plant, while lime was 30 g per plant. The presoaked M. × giganteus
rhizomes were planted directly into this mixture at a depth of 10 cm. Results
are presented in Figures 5.5–5.7. Treatment A1 is a control, with rhizomes
soaked in water, planted without amendments to soil. A2–A5 all have rhizomes soaked in Charkor plant growth stimulant added 4 ml L −1 water. A2
has lime, A3 has AgroLife fertilizer, A4 has Smolokot fertilizer, and A5 has
all three. All plots were 25 m 2 , with A1, A2, A5 receiving 56 propagules, with
A3, and A4 having 42. There were three replicates of each treatment.
Through analysis of results from 3 years monitoring of M. × giganteus
development in the contaminated military soil with application of different
soil amendments, it may be concluded that the greatest effect was obtained
when all three amendments were applied and the biggest influence was
observed for dry mass production (Figure 5.7). The impact was small on crop
height (Figure 5.6).
Miscanthus Production
species: Alpinia calcarata, a large monocot in the ginger family; Ocimum sanctum,
a perennial dicot type of basil; and Cymbopogon citratus, a true grass commonly
called lemon grass, grown without or with nZVIs in pots (Pillai & Kottekottil,
2016). These three species had been selected from 11 species grown at a level
of 1 mg kg −1 endosulfan. The endosulfan concentration in soil for testing nZVI
effects contained 1140 μg kg −1 , while the optimized level of nZVI was 1 g kg −1 .
Ten mL kg −1 of Tween 80 was used to disperse the nZVI; there were three replicates of six treatments. A. calcarata showed better phytoremediation potential
in comparison to C. citratus and O. sanctum in both treatments: on the 7th day
it removed 52% of endosulfan from pots without and 82% for pots with nZVIs;
while on the 28th (last) day, endosulfan removal was 81% without and 100%
with nZVIs at a level of 1 g kg −1 . In the case of O. sanctum, addition of nZVIs to
the system led to endosulfan removal increasing 3.7-fold over the plant alone
(72% vs 21%) on day 28. With C. citratus, the main nZVI enhancement of endosulfan removal was observed after seven days (63% vs 5%). By day 14 the difference was 81% vs 60% and on day 28 with nZVIs removal was 86% and without
nZVIs it was 65% (Pillai & Kottekottil, 2016). The patterns of rate difference are
very nonlinear indicative of a perhaps second-order rate. Thus, the combined
technology of nano- and phytoremediation is one of the promising areas for
the remediation of organochlorine pesticides.
5.5.2 Impact of Soil Amendments on Miscanthus
Production in Postmilitary Soil
The impact of soil amendments on Miscanthus biomass parameters was
evaluated under field conditions with the crop cultivated in postmilitary soil,
slightly contaminated by trace elements in Dolyna, Western Ukraine. Three different soil amendments were tested: lime GOST 14050-93; mineral fertilizer
“Smolokot” (the nutrient content is N:P:K = 8:8:12, +7% MgO + microelements); organic fertilizer “Agrolife” (N:P:K = 10:10:10 with chicken compost);
and their mixture. Different fertilizers were mixed with the soil in a dose of
40 g per plant, while lime was 30 g per plant. The presoaked M. × giganteus
rhizomes were planted directly into this mixture at a depth of 10 cm. Results
are presented in Figures 5.5–5.7. Treatment A1 is a control, with rhizomes
soaked in water, planted without amendments to soil. A2–A5 all have rhizomes soaked in Charkor plant growth stimulant added 4 ml L −1 water. A2
has lime, A3 has AgroLife fertilizer, A4 has Smolokot fertilizer, and A5 has
all three. All plots were 25 m 2 , with A1, A2, A5 receiving 56 propagules, with
A3, and A4 having 42. There were three replicates of each treatment.
Through analysis of results from 3 years monitoring of M. × giganteus
development in the contaminated military soil with application of different
soil amendments, it may be concluded that the greatest effect was obtained
when all three amendments were applied and the biggest influence was
observed for dry mass production (Figure 5.7). The impact was small on crop
height (Figure 5.6).