339
Titanium [Ti, 22]
can induce pathological lesions of the liver, spleen, kidneys, and brain. Long-term
inhalation of TiO 2 (NPs) by rats have resulted in lung tumors (Shi et al. 2013).
Typical American diets provide approximately 300 μg of Ti daily. The 30-day
mean total American dietary Ti intakes of two individuals were 370 and 410 μg/day.
Daily intake of Ti at about 800 μg was reported from the United Kingdom. Its intake
from drinking water is usually very low, probably <5 μg/day. Outside occupational
settings, the amount of Ti absorbed via the lungs is of little significance, estimated at
<1% of its total intake form food (WHO 1982).
Titanium [Ti, 22]
can induce pathological lesions of the liver, spleen, kidneys, and brain. Long-term
inhalation of TiO 2 (NPs) by rats have resulted in lung tumors (Shi et al. 2013).
Typical American diets provide approximately 300 μg of Ti daily. The 30-day
mean total American dietary Ti intakes of two individuals were 370 and 410 μg/day.
Daily intake of Ti at about 800 μg was reported from the United Kingdom. Its intake
from drinking water is usually very low, probably <5 μg/day. Outside occupational
settings, the amount of Ti absorbed via the lungs is of little significance, estimated at
<1% of its total intake form food (WHO 1982).