Chromium [Cr, 24]
85
glucose metabolism and the serum lipid profile in patients with or without diabetes.
In contrast, results of other studies have indicated little or no benefit of Cr on any of
these variables (Cefalu and Hu 2004).
12.7 ANIMALS
The essentiality of Cr, as a required element, necessary for animals is well accepted.
In cattle, it has been observed a favorable response to Cr supplementation, especially
if the animals are under some physiologic stress. Cr supplementation is important for
dairy cattle. Positive Cr effects include improved humoral and cell-mediated immune
response, energy status (reduced liver triglyceride accumulation), and increased milk
production in primiparous cows, but not multiparous cows. It is evident that cattle
require Cr in their diets. For livestock, the maximum tolerable concentration of Cr
in the diet is set at 3000 mg/kg for the oxide form, and 1000 mg/kg for the chloride
form of the trivalent Cr (NRC 2001).