39
Effect of Cultivation on BNC Biomaterials
and.extracellular.matrix.proteins,.has.been.used.to.enhance.cell.adherence..
The.binding.of.cells.to.the.RGD.sequence.occurs.via.integrin.receptors.on.
the.cell.membrane.
A.great.challenge.in.the.development.of.synthetic.blood.vessels.is.to.set.up.
a.cyclic.guanosine.monophosphate.(cGMP).facility.for.production.of.cellulose.
tubes,.and.this.is.relevant.for.all.procedures.in.the.manufacturing.process..
Regulatory. approved. product. requires. preclinical. and. clinical. trials. ,. since.
there. is. no. “predicate”. device. on. the. market.. The. effectiveness. of. BNC. as.
vascular.grafts.shown.in.preclinical.trials.is.promising.for.the.future.use.of.
BNC.as.vascular.grafts.
Acknowledgments
We. would. like. to. thank. the. Swedish. Foundation. for. Strategic. Research,.
Vinnova,. and. the. Swedish. Research. Council. for. funding. the. biosynthetic.
blood.vessel.program.
References
Arvidson,.S..A.,.B..T..Rinehart,.and.F..Gadala-Maria..2006..Concentration.regimes.of.
solutions.of.levan.polysaccharide.from.Bacillus.sp..Carbohyd. Polym..65:144–149.
Bäckdahl,.H.,.M..Esguerra,.D..Delbro,.B..Risberg,.and.P..Gatenholm..2008..Engineering.
microporosity.in.bacterial.cellulose.scaffolds..J. Tissue Eng. Regen. Med. 2:320–330.
Bäckdahl,.H.,.B..Risberg,.and.P..Gatenholm..2011..Observations.on.bacterial.cellulose.
tube.formation.for.application.as.vascular.graft..Mater. Sci. Eng. C.31:14-21.
Benzamin,. M.,. and. B.. Rivertz.. 1972.. Factors. affecting. hexose. phosphorylation. in.
Gluconacetobacter xylinus..J. Bacteriol..111:325–333.
Bodin,.A.,.H..Bäckdahl,.H..Fink,.L..Gustafsson,.B..Risberg,.and.P..Gatenholm..2007..
Influence.of.cultivation.conditions.on.mechanical.and.morphological.properties.
of.bacterial.cellulose.tubes..Biotechnol. Bioeng..97:425–434.
Brackmann,.C.,.A..Bodin,.M..Akeson,.P..Gatenholm,.and.A..Enejder..2010..Visualization.
of. the. cellulose. biosynthesis. and. cell. integration. into. cellulose. scaffolds..
Biomacromolecules.11:542–548.
Brown,.R..M.,.Jr.,.and.F..C..Lin..1990..Multiribbon.microbial.cellulose..U.S..patent.4,954,439.
Brown,.R..M.,.Jr.,.A..C..Millard,.and.P..J..Campagnola..2003..Macromolecular.structure.
of.cellulose.studied.by.second-harmonic.generation.imaging.microscopy..Opt.
Lett..28:2207–2209.
Cardinal,.E..V.,.and.L..R..Hedrick..1947..Microbiological.assay.of.corn.steep.liquor.for.
amino.acid.content..J. Biochem..172:609–612.
Effect of Cultivation on BNC Biomaterials
and.extracellular.matrix.proteins,.has.been.used.to.enhance.cell.adherence..
The.binding.of.cells.to.the.RGD.sequence.occurs.via.integrin.receptors.on.
the.cell.membrane.
A.great.challenge.in.the.development.of.synthetic.blood.vessels.is.to.set.up.
a.cyclic.guanosine.monophosphate.(cGMP).facility.for.production.of.cellulose.
tubes,.and.this.is.relevant.for.all.procedures.in.the.manufacturing.process..
Regulatory. approved. product. requires. preclinical. and. clinical. trials. ,. since.
there. is. no. “predicate”. device. on. the. market.. The. effectiveness. of. BNC. as.
vascular.grafts.shown.in.preclinical.trials.is.promising.for.the.future.use.of.
BNC.as.vascular.grafts.
Acknowledgments
We. would. like. to. thank. the. Swedish. Foundation. for. Strategic. Research,.
Vinnova,. and. the. Swedish. Research. Council. for. funding. the. biosynthetic.
blood.vessel.program.
References
Arvidson,.S..A.,.B..T..Rinehart,.and.F..Gadala-Maria..2006..Concentration.regimes.of.
solutions.of.levan.polysaccharide.from.Bacillus.sp..Carbohyd. Polym..65:144–149.
Bäckdahl,.H.,.M..Esguerra,.D..Delbro,.B..Risberg,.and.P..Gatenholm..2008..Engineering.
microporosity.in.bacterial.cellulose.scaffolds..J. Tissue Eng. Regen. Med. 2:320–330.
Bäckdahl,.H.,.B..Risberg,.and.P..Gatenholm..2011..Observations.on.bacterial.cellulose.
tube.formation.for.application.as.vascular.graft..Mater. Sci. Eng. C.31:14-21.
Benzamin,. M.,. and. B.. Rivertz.. 1972.. Factors. affecting. hexose. phosphorylation. in.
Gluconacetobacter xylinus..J. Bacteriol..111:325–333.
Bodin,.A.,.H..Bäckdahl,.H..Fink,.L..Gustafsson,.B..Risberg,.and.P..Gatenholm..2007..
Influence.of.cultivation.conditions.on.mechanical.and.morphological.properties.
of.bacterial.cellulose.tubes..Biotechnol. Bioeng..97:425–434.
Brackmann,.C.,.A..Bodin,.M..Akeson,.P..Gatenholm,.and.A..Enejder..2010..Visualization.
of. the. cellulose. biosynthesis. and. cell. integration. into. cellulose. scaffolds..
Biomacromolecules.11:542–548.
Brown,.R..M.,.Jr.,.and.F..C..Lin..1990..Multiribbon.microbial.cellulose..U.S..patent.4,954,439.
Brown,.R..M.,.Jr.,.A..C..Millard,.and.P..J..Campagnola..2003..Macromolecular.structure.
of.cellulose.studied.by.second-harmonic.generation.imaging.microscopy..Opt.
Lett..28:2207–2209.
Cardinal,.E..V.,.and.L..R..Hedrick..1947..Microbiological.assay.of.corn.steep.liquor.for.
amino.acid.content..J. Biochem..172:609–612.