Figure 10.1
200
Bacterial Cellulose
that.the.spherical.metallic.silver.particles.with.a.mean.diameter.of.8.nm.were.
well.adsorbed.on.the.BNC.fibrils.(Barud.et.al..2008).
medical.implants..However,.these.patent.claims.are.frequently.based.on.insufficient.background.investigations.to.determine.the.manufacture-dependent.
structure.of.the.material.and.its.function.and.stability.in.the.body..The.same.
is.true.for.BNC.scaffolds.for.tissue.engineering..In.particular,.the.in-growth.
of.living.cells.requires.further.investigation..In.this.context,.the.fabrication.
of.BNC.scaffolds.and.implants.with.a.porosity.and.pore.size.relevant.to.the.
particular.application.is.important.
BNC.hydrogel.is.very.attractive.for.use.as.a.scaffold.for.tissue.engineering..Novel.processes.using.porous.wax.particles.in.the.fermentation.broth.
tivity.(Bäckdahl.et.al..2008)..Such.macroporous.BNC.has.been.used.to.support.human.smooth.muscle.cell.migration,.proliferation,.and.differentiation.
(Bäckdahl. et. al.. 2008).. Figure 10.1. shows. the. morphology. of. macroporous.
BNC.. Several. research. groups. are. evaluating. macroporous. BNC. scaffolds.
for. regeneration. of. cartilage,. bone,. urethra,. and. bladder. (Andersson. et. al..
2010;.Bodin.et.al..2010;.Zaborowska.et.al..2010)..Examples.of.approaches.used.
to.create.pores.of.different.sizes.include.the.use.of.porogens,.the.use.of.different. cultivation. times. and. inoculation. volumes,. and. posttreatment. with.
different.alkaline.solutions.and.by.freeze-drying.(Hu.and.Catchmark.2009)..
Moreover,. results. on. the. behavior. of. freezable. water. in. BNC. and. thermoporosity.investigations.have.been.reported.(Tang.et.al..2010)..In.the.case.of.
the.formation.of.pores.by.porogens.and.leaching.of.the.porogens,.additional.
information.on.the.purity.and.integrity.of.the.implants.and.their.essential.
structure. is. desirable.. Further. insight. is. required. with. respect. to. the. pore.
parameters.in.the.never-dried.state.and.after.different.drying.methods.
100 µm
Figure 10.1
Microporous.bacterial.cellulose.scaffolds.biofabricated.using.porogens.
200
Bacterial Cellulose
that.the.spherical.metallic.silver.particles.with.a.mean.diameter.of.8.nm.were.
well.adsorbed.on.the.BNC.fibrils.(Barud.et.al..2008).
medical.implants..However,.these.patent.claims.are.frequently.based.on.insufficient.background.investigations.to.determine.the.manufacture-dependent.
structure.of.the.material.and.its.function.and.stability.in.the.body..The.same.
is.true.for.BNC.scaffolds.for.tissue.engineering..In.particular,.the.in-growth.
of.living.cells.requires.further.investigation..In.this.context,.the.fabrication.
of.BNC.scaffolds.and.implants.with.a.porosity.and.pore.size.relevant.to.the.
particular.application.is.important.
BNC.hydrogel.is.very.attractive.for.use.as.a.scaffold.for.tissue.engineering..Novel.processes.using.porous.wax.particles.in.the.fermentation.broth.
tivity.(Bäckdahl.et.al..2008)..Such.macroporous.BNC.has.been.used.to.support.human.smooth.muscle.cell.migration,.proliferation,.and.differentiation.
(Bäckdahl. et. al.. 2008).. Figure 10.1. shows. the. morphology. of. macroporous.
BNC.. Several. research. groups. are. evaluating. macroporous. BNC. scaffolds.
for. regeneration. of. cartilage,. bone,. urethra,. and. bladder. (Andersson. et. al..
2010;.Bodin.et.al..2010;.Zaborowska.et.al..2010)..Examples.of.approaches.used.
to.create.pores.of.different.sizes.include.the.use.of.porogens,.the.use.of.different. cultivation. times. and. inoculation. volumes,. and. posttreatment. with.
different.alkaline.solutions.and.by.freeze-drying.(Hu.and.Catchmark.2009)..
Moreover,. results. on. the. behavior. of. freezable. water. in. BNC. and. thermoporosity.investigations.have.been.reported.(Tang.et.al..2010)..In.the.case.of.
the.formation.of.pores.by.porogens.and.leaching.of.the.porogens,.additional.
information.on.the.purity.and.integrity.of.the.implants.and.their.essential.
structure. is. desirable.. Further. insight. is. required. with. respect. to. the. pore.
parameters.in.the.never-dried.state.and.after.different.drying.methods.
100 µm
Figure 10.1
Microporous.bacterial.cellulose.scaffolds.biofabricated.using.porogens.